Integrand size = 36, antiderivative size = 157 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4} \left (-b+2 a x^4\right )}{b+a x^4} \, dx=x \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}+\frac {b \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}\right )}{2 a^{3/4}}-\frac {b \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}\right )}{2 a^{3/4}}-\frac {3}{4} b \text {RootSum}\left [a^2+a b-2 a \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {-\log (x) \text {$\#$1}+\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right ) \text {$\#$1}}{-a+\text {$\#$1}^4}\&\right ] \]
Time = 0.00 (sec) , antiderivative size = 203, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.29 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4} \left (-b+2 a x^4\right )}{b+a x^4} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4} \left (4 a^{3/4} x^{3/2} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}+2 b \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )-2 b \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )-3 a^{3/4} b \text {RootSum}\left [a^2+a b-2 a \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {-\log \left (\sqrt {x}\right ) \text {$\#$1}+\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}-\sqrt {x} \text {$\#$1}\right ) \text {$\#$1}}{-a+\text {$\#$1}^4}\&\right ]\right )}{4 a^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}} \]
((-(b*x^2) + a*x^4)^(1/4)*(4*a^(3/4)*x^(3/2)*(-b + a*x^2)^(1/4) + 2*b*ArcT an[(a^(1/4)*Sqrt[x])/(-b + a*x^2)^(1/4)] - 2*b*ArcTanh[(a^(1/4)*Sqrt[x])/( -b + a*x^2)^(1/4)] - 3*a^(3/4)*b*RootSum[a^2 + a*b - 2*a*#1^4 + #1^8 & , ( -(Log[Sqrt[x]]*#1) + Log[(-b + a*x^2)^(1/4) - Sqrt[x]*#1]*#1)/(-a + #1^4) & ]))/(4*a^(3/4)*Sqrt[x]*(-b + a*x^2)^(1/4))
Time = 1.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 274, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.75, number of steps used = 6, number of rules used = 5, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.139, Rules used = {2467, 25, 2035, 7276, 2009}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2} \left (2 a x^4-b\right )}{a x^4+b} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2467 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2} \int -\frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \left (b-2 a x^4\right )}{a x^4+b}dx}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {\sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2} \int \frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \left (b-2 a x^4\right )}{a x^4+b}dx}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2035 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2} \int \frac {x \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \left (b-2 a x^4\right )}{a x^4+b}d\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 7276 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2} \int \left (\frac {3 b x \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}{a x^4+b}-2 x \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}\right )d\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2009 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2} \left (-\frac {b \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{4 a^{3/4}}+\frac {b \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{4 a^{3/4}}+\frac {x^{3/2} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},1,-\frac {1}{4},\frac {7}{4},-\frac {\sqrt {-a} x^2}{\sqrt {b}},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}}}+\frac {x^{3/2} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},1,-\frac {1}{4},\frac {7}{4},\frac {\sqrt {-a} x^2}{\sqrt {b}},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}}}-\frac {1}{2} x^{3/2} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}\right )}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\) |
(-2*(-(b*x^2) + a*x^4)^(1/4)*(-1/2*(x^(3/2)*(-b + a*x^2)^(1/4)) + (x^(3/2) *(-b + a*x^2)^(1/4)*AppellF1[3/4, 1, -1/4, 7/4, -((Sqrt[-a]*x^2)/Sqrt[b]), (a*x^2)/b])/(2*(1 - (a*x^2)/b)^(1/4)) + (x^(3/2)*(-b + a*x^2)^(1/4)*Appel lF1[3/4, 1, -1/4, 7/4, (Sqrt[-a]*x^2)/Sqrt[b], (a*x^2)/b])/(2*(1 - (a*x^2) /b)^(1/4)) - (b*ArcTan[(a^(1/4)*Sqrt[x])/(-b + a*x^2)^(1/4)])/(4*a^(3/4)) + (b*ArcTanh[(a^(1/4)*Sqrt[x])/(-b + a*x^2)^(1/4)])/(4*a^(3/4))))/(Sqrt[x] *(-b + a*x^2)^(1/4))
3.22.49.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(Fx_)*(x_)^(m_), x_Symbol] :> With[{k = Denominator[m]}, Simp[k Subst [Int[x^(k*(m + 1) - 1)*SubstPower[Fx, x, k], x], x, x^(1/k)], x]] /; Fracti onQ[m] && AlgebraicFunctionQ[Fx, x]
Int[(Fx_.)*(Px_)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Expon[Px, x, Min]}, Simp[Px^F racPart[p]/(x^(r*FracPart[p])*ExpandToSum[Px/x^r, x]^FracPart[p]) Int[x^( p*r)*ExpandToSum[Px/x^r, x]^p*Fx, x], x] /; IGtQ[r, 0]] /; FreeQ[p, x] && P olyQ[Px, x] && !IntegerQ[p] && !MonomialQ[Px, x] && !PolyQ[Fx, x]
Int[(u_)/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_)), x_Symbol] :> With[{v = RationalFunctionE xpand[u/(a + b*x^n), x]}, Int[v, x] /; SumQ[v]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && IGtQ [n, 0]
Time = 0.00 (sec) , antiderivative size = 169, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.08
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(-\frac {\frac {3 \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{8}-2 a \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+a^{2}+a b \right )}{\sum }\frac {\textit {\_R} \ln \left (\frac {-\textit {\_R} x +\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right )}{\textit {\_R}^{4}-a}\right ) b \,a^{\frac {3}{4}}}{2}-2 \left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \,a^{\frac {3}{4}}+b \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a^{\frac {1}{4}} x}\right )+\frac {b \ln \left (\frac {-a^{\frac {1}{4}} x -\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a^{\frac {1}{4}} x -\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{2}}{2 a^{\frac {3}{4}}}\) | \(169\) |
-1/2/a^(3/4)*(3/2*sum(_R*ln((-_R*x+(x^2*(a*x^2-b))^(1/4))/x)/(_R^4-a),_R=R ootOf(_Z^8-2*_Z^4*a+a^2+a*b))*b*a^(3/4)-2*(x^2*(a*x^2-b))^(1/4)*x*a^(3/4)+ b*arctan(1/a^(1/4)/x*(x^2*(a*x^2-b))^(1/4))+1/2*b*ln((-a^(1/4)*x-(x^2*(a*x ^2-b))^(1/4))/(a^(1/4)*x-(x^2*(a*x^2-b))^(1/4))))
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4} \left (-b+2 a x^4\right )}{b+a x^4} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
Not integrable
Time = 14.15 (sec) , antiderivative size = 29, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.18 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4} \left (-b+2 a x^4\right )}{b+a x^4} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt [4]{x^{2} \left (a x^{2} - b\right )} \left (2 a x^{4} - b\right )}{a x^{4} + b}\, dx \]
Not integrable
Time = 0.23 (sec) , antiderivative size = 36, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.23 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4} \left (-b+2 a x^4\right )}{b+a x^4} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (2 \, a x^{4} - b\right )} {\left (a x^{4} - b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a x^{4} + b} \,d x } \]
Not integrable
Time = 0.90 (sec) , antiderivative size = 36, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.23 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4} \left (-b+2 a x^4\right )}{b+a x^4} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (2 \, a x^{4} - b\right )} {\left (a x^{4} - b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a x^{4} + b} \,d x } \]
Not integrable
Time = 0.00 (sec) , antiderivative size = 35, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.22 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4} \left (-b+2 a x^4\right )}{b+a x^4} \, dx=\int -\frac {\left (b-2\,a\,x^4\right )\,{\left (a\,x^4-b\,x^2\right )}^{1/4}}{a\,x^4+b} \,d x \]