Integrand size = 13, antiderivative size = 70 \[ \int \frac {\left (1+x^7\right )^{2/3}}{x^8} \, dx=-\frac {\left (1+x^7\right )^{2/3}}{7 x^7}+\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {1+2 \sqrt [3]{1+x^7}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{7 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {\log (x)}{3}+\frac {1}{7} \log \left (1-\sqrt [3]{1+x^7}\right ) \]
-1/7*(x^7+1)^(2/3)/x^7-1/3*ln(x)+1/7*ln(1-(x^7+1)^(1/3))+2/21*arctan(1/3*( 1+2*(x^7+1)^(1/3))*3^(1/2))*3^(1/2)
Time = 0.13 (sec) , antiderivative size = 83, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.19 \[ \int \frac {\left (1+x^7\right )^{2/3}}{x^8} \, dx=\frac {1}{21} \left (-\frac {3 \left (1+x^7\right )^{2/3}}{x^7}+2 \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1+2 \sqrt [3]{1+x^7}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )+2 \log \left (-1+\sqrt [3]{1+x^7}\right )-\log \left (1+\sqrt [3]{1+x^7}+\left (1+x^7\right )^{2/3}\right )\right ) \]
((-3*(1 + x^7)^(2/3))/x^7 + 2*Sqrt[3]*ArcTan[(1 + 2*(1 + x^7)^(1/3))/Sqrt[ 3]] + 2*Log[-1 + (1 + x^7)^(1/3)] - Log[1 + (1 + x^7)^(1/3) + (1 + x^7)^(2 /3)])/21
Time = 0.19 (sec) , antiderivative size = 76, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.09, number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.462, Rules used = {798, 51, 67, 16, 1083, 217}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {\left (x^7+1\right )^{2/3}}{x^8} \, dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 798 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{7} \int \frac {\left (x^7+1\right )^{2/3}}{x^{14}}dx^7\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 51 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{7} \left (\frac {2}{3} \int \frac {1}{x^7 \sqrt [3]{x^7+1}}dx^7-\frac {\left (x^7+1\right )^{2/3}}{x^7}\right )\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 67 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{7} \left (\frac {2}{3} \left (-\frac {3}{2} \int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt [3]{x^7+1}}d\sqrt [3]{x^7+1}+\frac {3}{2} \int \frac {1}{x^{14}+\sqrt [3]{x^7+1}+1}d\sqrt [3]{x^7+1}-\frac {1}{2} \log \left (x^7\right )\right )-\frac {\left (x^7+1\right )^{2/3}}{x^7}\right )\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 16 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{7} \left (\frac {2}{3} \left (\frac {3}{2} \int \frac {1}{x^{14}+\sqrt [3]{x^7+1}+1}d\sqrt [3]{x^7+1}-\frac {1}{2} \log \left (x^7\right )+\frac {3}{2} \log \left (1-\sqrt [3]{x^7+1}\right )\right )-\frac {\left (x^7+1\right )^{2/3}}{x^7}\right )\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 1083 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{7} \left (\frac {2}{3} \left (-3 \int \frac {1}{-x^{14}-3}d\left (2 \sqrt [3]{x^7+1}+1\right )-\frac {1}{2} \log \left (x^7\right )+\frac {3}{2} \log \left (1-\sqrt [3]{x^7+1}\right )\right )-\frac {\left (x^7+1\right )^{2/3}}{x^7}\right )\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 217 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{7} \left (\frac {2}{3} \left (\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{x^7+1}+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )-\frac {\log \left (x^7\right )}{2}+\frac {3}{2} \log \left (1-\sqrt [3]{x^7+1}\right )\right )-\frac {\left (x^7+1\right )^{2/3}}{x^7}\right )\) |
(-((1 + x^7)^(2/3)/x^7) + (2*(Sqrt[3]*ArcTan[(1 + 2*(1 + x^7)^(1/3))/Sqrt[ 3]] - Log[x^7]/2 + (3*Log[1 - (1 + x^7)^(1/3)])/2))/3)/7
3.4.2.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(c_.)/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[c*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x]
Int[((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_))^(n_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[ (a + b*x)^(m + 1)*((c + d*x)^n/(b*(m + 1))), x] - Simp[d*(n/(b*(m + 1))) Int[(a + b*x)^(m + 1)*(c + d*x)^(n - 1), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, n}, x ] && ILtQ[m, -1] && FractionQ[n] && GtQ[n, 0]
Int[1/(((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_))*((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_))^(1/3)), x_Symbol] :> With[ {q = Rt[(b*c - a*d)/b, 3]}, Simp[-Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/(2*b*q), x ] + (Simp[3/(2*b) Subst[Int[1/(q^2 + q*x + x^2), x], x, (c + d*x)^(1/3)], x] - Simp[3/(2*b*q) Subst[Int[1/(q - x), x], x, (c + d*x)^(1/3)], x])] / ; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && PosQ[(b*c - a*d)/b]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2])^( -1))*ArcTan[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[-a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] & & (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[(x_)^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[1/n Subst [Int[x^(Simplify[(m + 1)/n] - 1)*(a + b*x)^p, x], x, x^n], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, m, n, p}, x] && IntegerQ[Simplify[(m + 1)/n]]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[-2 Subst[I nt[1/Simp[b^2 - 4*a*c - x^2, x], x], x, b + 2*c*x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x]
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 3.
Time = 6.64 (sec) , antiderivative size = 76, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.09
| method | result | size |
| meijerg | \(-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right ) \left (\frac {\pi \sqrt {3}}{\Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right ) x^{7}}-\frac {2 \left (-\frac {\pi \sqrt {3}}{6}-\frac {3 \ln \left (3\right )}{2}-1+7 \ln \left (x \right )\right ) \pi \sqrt {3}}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}+\frac {\pi \sqrt {3}\, x^{7} {}_{3}^{}{\moversetsp {}{\mundersetsp {}{F_{2}^{}}}}\left (1,1,\frac {4}{3};2,3;-x^{7}\right )}{9 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}\right )}{21 \pi }\) | \(76\) |
| risch | \(-\frac {\left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{7 x^{7}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right ) \left (\frac {2 \left (-\frac {\pi \sqrt {3}}{6}-\frac {3 \ln \left (3\right )}{2}+7 \ln \left (x \right )\right ) \pi \sqrt {3}}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}-\frac {2 \pi \sqrt {3}\, x^{7} {}_{3}^{}{\moversetsp {}{\mundersetsp {}{F_{2}^{}}}}\left (1,1,\frac {4}{3};2,2;-x^{7}\right )}{9 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}\right )}{21 \pi }\) | \(76\) |
| pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\left (1+2 \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right ) \sqrt {3}\, x^{7}-\ln \left (\left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+\left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+1\right ) x^{7}+2 \ln \left (\left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-1\right ) x^{7}-3 \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{21 \left (\left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+\left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+1\right ) \left (\left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-1\right )}\) | \(104\) |
| trager | \(-\frac {\left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{7 x^{7}}-\frac {2 \ln \left (\frac {3593313 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{7}+3486414 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{7}-106899 x^{7}+6095754 \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )-3593313 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}+6095754 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+256725 \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+4897983 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )+256725 \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-142532}{x^{7}}\right )}{21}-\frac {2 \ln \left (\frac {3593313 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{7}+3486414 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{7}-106899 x^{7}+6095754 \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )-3593313 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}+6095754 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+256725 \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+4897983 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )+256725 \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-142532}{x^{7}}\right ) \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )}{7}+\frac {2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \ln \left (\frac {3593313 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{7}-1090872 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{7}-869780 x^{7}-6095754 \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )-3593313 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}-6095754 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-1775193 \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-7293525 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )-1775193 \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-2174450}{x^{7}}\right )}{7}\) | \(438\) |
-1/21/Pi*3^(1/2)*GAMMA(2/3)*(Pi*3^(1/2)/GAMMA(2/3)/x^7-2/3*(-1/6*Pi*3^(1/2 )-3/2*ln(3)-1+7*ln(x))*Pi*3^(1/2)/GAMMA(2/3)+1/9*Pi*3^(1/2)/GAMMA(2/3)*x^7 *hypergeom([1,1,4/3],[2,3],-x^7))
Time = 0.24 (sec) , antiderivative size = 79, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.13 \[ \int \frac {\left (1+x^7\right )^{2/3}}{x^8} \, dx=\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} x^{7} \arctan \left (\frac {2}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + \frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3}\right ) - x^{7} \log \left ({\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} + {\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) + 2 \, x^{7} \log \left ({\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} - 1\right ) - 3 \, {\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{21 \, x^{7}} \]
1/21*(2*sqrt(3)*x^7*arctan(2/3*sqrt(3)*(x^7 + 1)^(1/3) + 1/3*sqrt(3)) - x^ 7*log((x^7 + 1)^(2/3) + (x^7 + 1)^(1/3) + 1) + 2*x^7*log((x^7 + 1)^(1/3) - 1) - 3*(x^7 + 1)^(2/3))/x^7
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.68 (sec) , antiderivative size = 34, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.49 \[ \int \frac {\left (1+x^7\right )^{2/3}}{x^8} \, dx=- \frac {\Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {2}{3}, \frac {1}{3} \\ \frac {4}{3} \end {matrix}\middle | {\frac {e^{i \pi }}{x^{7}}} \right )}}{7 x^{\frac {7}{3}} \Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right )} \]
Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 66, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.94 \[ \int \frac {\left (1+x^7\right )^{2/3}}{x^8} \, dx=\frac {2}{21} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, {\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {{\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{7 \, x^{7}} - \frac {1}{21} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} + {\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) + \frac {2}{21} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} - 1\right ) \]
2/21*sqrt(3)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*(x^7 + 1)^(1/3) + 1)) - 1/7*(x^7 + 1)^( 2/3)/x^7 - 1/21*log((x^7 + 1)^(2/3) + (x^7 + 1)^(1/3) + 1) + 2/21*log((x^7 + 1)^(1/3) - 1)
Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 67, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.96 \[ \int \frac {\left (1+x^7\right )^{2/3}}{x^8} \, dx=\frac {2}{21} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, {\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {{\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{7 \, x^{7}} - \frac {1}{21} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} + {\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) + \frac {2}{21} \, \log \left ({\left | {\left (x^{7} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} - 1 \right |}\right ) \]
2/21*sqrt(3)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*(x^7 + 1)^(1/3) + 1)) - 1/7*(x^7 + 1)^( 2/3)/x^7 - 1/21*log((x^7 + 1)^(2/3) + (x^7 + 1)^(1/3) + 1) + 2/21*log(abs( (x^7 + 1)^(1/3) - 1))
Time = 0.39 (sec) , antiderivative size = 92, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.31 \[ \int \frac {\left (1+x^7\right )^{2/3}}{x^8} \, dx=\frac {2\,\ln \left (\frac {4\,{\left (x^7+1\right )}^{1/3}}{49}-\frac {4}{49}\right )}{21}+\ln \left (\frac {4\,{\left (x^7+1\right )}^{1/3}}{49}-9\,{\left (-\frac {1}{21}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{21}\right )}^2\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{21}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{21}\right )-\ln \left (\frac {4\,{\left (x^7+1\right )}^{1/3}}{49}-9\,{\left (\frac {1}{21}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{21}\right )}^2\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{21}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{21}\right )-\frac {{\left (x^7+1\right )}^{2/3}}{7\,x^7} \]
(2*log((4*(x^7 + 1)^(1/3))/49 - 4/49))/21 + log((4*(x^7 + 1)^(1/3))/49 - 9 *((3^(1/2)*1i)/21 - 1/21)^2)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/21 - 1/21) - log((4*(x^7 + 1)^( 1/3))/49 - 9*((3^(1/2)*1i)/21 + 1/21)^2)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/21 + 1/21) - (x^7 + 1)^(2/3)/(7*x^7)
\[ \int \frac {\left (1+x^7\right )^{2/3}}{x^8} \, dx=\frac {-3 \left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+14 \left (\int \frac {\left (x^{7}+1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{8}+x}d x \right ) x^{7}}{21 x^{7}} \]