Optimal. Leaf size=42 \[ \frac{2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{a-b} \tan \left (\frac{x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt{a+b}}\right )}{\sqrt{a-b} \sqrt{a+b}} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.0423913, antiderivative size = 42, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 2, number of rules used = 2, integrand size = 8, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.25, Rules used = {2659, 205} \[ \frac{2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{a-b} \tan \left (\frac{x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt{a+b}}\right )}{\sqrt{a-b} \sqrt{a+b}} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 2659
Rule 205
Rubi steps
\begin{align*} \int \frac{1}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx &=2 \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{a+b+(a-b) x^2} \, dx,x,\tan \left (\frac{x}{2}\right )\right )\\ &=\frac{2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{a-b} \tan \left (\frac{x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt{a+b}}\right )}{\sqrt{a-b} \sqrt{a+b}}\\ \end{align*}
Mathematica [A] time = 0.0312415, size = 41, normalized size = 0.98 \[ -\frac{2 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{(a-b) \tan \left (\frac{x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt{b^2-a^2}}\right )}{\sqrt{b^2-a^2}} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A] time = 0.01, size = 36, normalized size = 0.9 \begin{align*} 2\,{\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left ( a+b \right ) \left ( a-b \right ) }}\arctan \left ({\frac{ \left ( a-b \right ) \tan \left ( x/2 \right ) }{\sqrt{ \left ( a+b \right ) \left ( a-b \right ) }}} \right ) } \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F(-2)] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \text{Exception raised: ValueError} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A] time = 2.07912, size = 328, normalized size = 7.81 \begin{align*} \left [-\frac{\sqrt{-a^{2} + b^{2}} \log \left (\frac{2 \, a b \cos \left (x\right ) +{\left (2 \, a^{2} - b^{2}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt{-a^{2} + b^{2}}{\left (a \cos \left (x\right ) + b\right )} \sin \left (x\right ) - a^{2} + 2 \, b^{2}}{b^{2} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, a b \cos \left (x\right ) + a^{2}}\right )}{2 \,{\left (a^{2} - b^{2}\right )}}, \frac{\arctan \left (-\frac{a \cos \left (x\right ) + b}{\sqrt{a^{2} - b^{2}} \sin \left (x\right )}\right )}{\sqrt{a^{2} - b^{2}}}\right ] \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [A] time = 8.781, size = 144, normalized size = 3.43 \begin{align*} \begin{cases} \tilde{\infty } \left (- \log{\left (\tan{\left (\frac{x}{2} \right )} - 1 \right )} + \log{\left (\tan{\left (\frac{x}{2} \right )} + 1 \right )}\right ) & \text{for}\: a = 0 \wedge b = 0 \\\frac{1}{b \tan{\left (\frac{x}{2} \right )}} & \text{for}\: a = - b \\\frac{\tan{\left (\frac{x}{2} \right )}}{b} & \text{for}\: a = b \\\frac{\log{\left (- \sqrt{- \frac{a}{a - b} - \frac{b}{a - b}} + \tan{\left (\frac{x}{2} \right )} \right )}}{a \sqrt{- \frac{a}{a - b} - \frac{b}{a - b}} - b \sqrt{- \frac{a}{a - b} - \frac{b}{a - b}}} - \frac{\log{\left (\sqrt{- \frac{a}{a - b} - \frac{b}{a - b}} + \tan{\left (\frac{x}{2} \right )} \right )}}{a \sqrt{- \frac{a}{a - b} - \frac{b}{a - b}} - b \sqrt{- \frac{a}{a - b} - \frac{b}{a - b}}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A] time = 1.08842, size = 82, normalized size = 1.95 \begin{align*} -\frac{2 \,{\left (\pi \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2 \, \pi } + \frac{1}{2} \right \rfloor \mathrm{sgn}\left (-2 \, a + 2 \, b\right ) + \arctan \left (-\frac{a \tan \left (\frac{1}{2} \, x\right ) - b \tan \left (\frac{1}{2} \, x\right )}{\sqrt{a^{2} - b^{2}}}\right )\right )}}{\sqrt{a^{2} - b^{2}}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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