Optimal. Leaf size=150 \[ -\frac {\left (a x^2-b\right )^{3/4}}{2 x^2}-\frac {3 a \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}{\sqrt {a x^2-b}-\sqrt {b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {3 a \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\frac {\sqrt {a x^2-b}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{b}}{\sqrt {2}}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}} \]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Rubi [A] time = 0.23, antiderivative size = 225, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.50, number of steps used = 12, number of rules used = 9, integrand size = 17, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.529, Rules used = {266, 47, 63, 297, 1162, 617, 204, 1165, 628} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\left (a x^2-b\right )^{3/4}}{2 x^2}+\frac {3 a \log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}+\sqrt {a x^2-b}+\sqrt {b}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {3 a \log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}+\sqrt {a x^2-b}+\sqrt {b}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {3 a \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {3 a \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+1\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
Rule 47
Rule 63
Rule 204
Rule 266
Rule 297
Rule 617
Rule 628
Rule 1162
Rule 1165
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {\left (-b+a x^2\right )^{3/4}}{x^3} \, dx &=\frac {1}{2} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {(-b+a x)^{3/4}}{x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=-\frac {\left (-b+a x^2\right )^{3/4}}{2 x^2}+\frac {1}{8} (3 a) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x \sqrt [4]{-b+a x}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=-\frac {\left (-b+a x^2\right )^{3/4}}{2 x^2}+\frac {3}{2} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{\frac {b}{a}+\frac {x^4}{a}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right )\\ &=-\frac {\left (-b+a x^2\right )^{3/4}}{2 x^2}-\frac {3}{4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {b}-x^2}{\frac {b}{a}+\frac {x^4}{a}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right )+\frac {3}{4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {b}+x^2}{\frac {b}{a}+\frac {x^4}{a}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right )\\ &=-\frac {\left (-b+a x^2\right )^{3/4}}{2 x^2}+\frac {1}{8} (3 a) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right )+\frac {1}{8} (3 a) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right )+\frac {(3 a) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}+2 x}{-\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {(3 a) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}-2 x}{-\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (-b+a x^2\right )^{3/4}}{2 x^2}+\frac {3 a \log \left (\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}+\sqrt {-b+a x^2}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {3 a \log \left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}+\sqrt {-b+a x^2}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {(3 a) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {(3 a) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (-b+a x^2\right )^{3/4}}{2 x^2}-\frac {3 a \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {3 a \tan ^{-1}\left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {3 a \log \left (\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}+\sqrt {-b+a x^2}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {3 a \log \left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}+\sqrt {-b+a x^2}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}\\ \end {align*}
________________________________________________________________________________________
Mathematica [C] time = 0.01, size = 40, normalized size = 0.27 \begin {gather*} \frac {2 a \left (a x^2-b\right )^{7/4} \, _2F_1\left (\frac {7}{4},2;\frac {11}{4};1-\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{7 b^2} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
IntegrateAlgebraic [A] time = 0.36, size = 149, normalized size = 0.99 \begin {gather*} -\frac {\left (a x^2-b\right )^{3/4}}{2 x^2}+\frac {3 a \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\frac {\sqrt {a x^2-b}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{b}}{\sqrt {2}}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {3 a \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}{\sqrt {a x^2-b}+\sqrt {b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
fricas [A] time = 0.42, size = 204, normalized size = 1.36 \begin {gather*} -\frac {12 \, \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2} \arctan \left (-\frac {\left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{3} - \sqrt {\sqrt {a x^{2} - b} a^{6} - \sqrt {-\frac {a^{4}}{b}} a^{4} b} \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a^{4}}\right ) - 3 \, \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2} \log \left (27 \, {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{3} + 27 \, \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} b\right ) + 3 \, \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2} \log \left (27 \, {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{3} - 27 \, \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} b\right ) + 4 \, {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{8 \, x^{2}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
giac [A] time = 0.17, size = 196, normalized size = 1.31 \begin {gather*} \frac {\frac {6 \, \sqrt {2} a^{2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + 2 \, {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} + \frac {6 \, \sqrt {2} a^{2} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} - 2 \, {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} - \frac {3 \, \sqrt {2} a^{2} \log \left (\sqrt {2} {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {a x^{2} - b} + \sqrt {b}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} + \frac {3 \, \sqrt {2} a^{2} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {a x^{2} - b} + \sqrt {b}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} - \frac {8 \, {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} a}{x^{2}}}{16 \, a} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
maple [F] time = 0.38, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}{x^{3}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
maxima [A] time = 0.41, size = 181, normalized size = 1.21 \begin {gather*} \frac {3}{16} \, {\left (\frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + 2 \, {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} + \frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} - 2 \, {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} \log \left (\sqrt {2} {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {a x^{2} - b} + \sqrt {b}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {a x^{2} - b} + \sqrt {b}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )} a - \frac {{\left (a x^{2} - b\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{2 \, x^{2}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
mupad [B] time = 1.17, size = 69, normalized size = 0.46 \begin {gather*} \frac {3\,a\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {{\left (a\,x^2-b\right )}^{1/4}}{{\left (-b\right )}^{1/4}}\right )}{4\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/4}}-\frac {{\left (a\,x^2-b\right )}^{3/4}}{2\,x^2}-\frac {3\,a\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {{\left (a\,x^2-b\right )}^{1/4}}{{\left (-b\right )}^{1/4}}\right )}{4\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/4}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
sympy [C] time = 1.18, size = 44, normalized size = 0.29 \begin {gather*} - \frac {a^{\frac {3}{4}} \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{4}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {3}{4}, \frac {1}{4} \\ \frac {5}{4} \end {matrix}\middle | {\frac {b e^{2 i \pi }}{a x^{2}}} \right )}}{2 \sqrt {x} \Gamma \left (\frac {5}{4}\right )} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________