Optimal. Leaf size=81 \[ -\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2}}\right )}{2^{3/4}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2}}\right )}{2^{3/4}}-\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2} \left (x^2-1\right )}{5 x^3} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.22, antiderivative size = 137, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.69, number of steps used = 9, number of rules used = 8, integrand size = 24, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.333, Rules used = {2056, 1254, 466, 494, 461, 298, 203, 206} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{x^2-1}}\right )}{2^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{x^2-1}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{x^2-1}}\right )}{2^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{x^2-1}}+\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2} \left (1-x^2\right )}{5 x^3} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 203
Rule 206
Rule 298
Rule 461
Rule 466
Rule 494
Rule 1254
Rule 2056
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}{x^4 \left (-1+x^4\right )} \, dx &=\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}{x^{7/2} \left (-1+x^4\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \int \frac {1}{x^{7/2} \left (-1+x^2\right )^{3/4} \left (1+x^2\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {\left (2 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x^6 \left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+x^4\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {\left (2 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\left (1-x^4\right )^2}{x^6 \left (1-2 x^4\right )} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {\left (2 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \left (\frac {1}{x^6}-\frac {x^2}{-1+2 x^4}\right ) \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {2 \left (1-x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}{5 x^3}-\frac {\left (2 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{-1+2 x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {2 \left (1-x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}{5 x^3}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {2 \left (1-x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}{5 x^3}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{2^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{2^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [F] time = 0.70, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}{x^4 \left (-1+x^4\right )} \, dx \end {gather*}
Verification is not applicable to the result.
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IntegrateAlgebraic [A] time = 0.25, size = 81, normalized size = 1.00 \begin {gather*} -\frac {2 \left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}{5 x^3}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}\right )}{2^{3/4}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}\right )}{2^{3/4}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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fricas [B] time = 2.03, size = 273, normalized size = 3.37 \begin {gather*} \frac {20 \cdot 8^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{3} \arctan \left (\frac {16 \cdot 8^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{4} - x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2} + 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (8^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (3 \, x^{3} - x\right )} + 8 \cdot 8^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x^{4} - x^{2}} x\right )} + 4 \cdot 8^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{4} - x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{8 \, {\left (x^{3} + x\right )}}\right ) + 5 \cdot 8^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{3} \log \left (\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2} + 8^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {x^{4} - x^{2}} x + 8^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (3 \, x^{3} - x\right )} + 4 \, {\left (x^{4} - x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{x^{3} + x}\right ) - 5 \cdot 8^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{3} \log \left (\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2} - 8^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {x^{4} - x^{2}} x - 8^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (3 \, x^{3} - x\right )} + 4 \, {\left (x^{4} - x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{x^{3} + x}\right ) - 64 \, {\left (x^{4} - x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{2} - 1\right )}}{160 \, x^{3}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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giac [A] time = 1.14, size = 72, normalized size = 0.89 \begin {gather*} \frac {2}{5} \, {\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {5}{4}} - \frac {1}{2} \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{2} \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (2^{\frac {1}{4}} + {\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (2^{\frac {1}{4}} - {\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maple [C] time = 8.61, size = 265, normalized size = 3.27
method | result | size |
trager | \(-\frac {2 \left (x^{2}-1\right ) \left (x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{5 x^{3}}-\frac {\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right ) \ln \left (\frac {-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{3} x^{3}+4 \left (x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2} x^{2}-4 \sqrt {x^{4}-x^{2}}\, \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right ) x +\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{3} x +4 \left (x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}{x \left (x^{2}+1\right )}\right )}{4}+\frac {\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2}\right ) \ln \left (\frac {-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2}\right ) \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2} x^{3}-4 \left (x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2} x^{2}+4 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2}\right ) \sqrt {x^{4}-x^{2}}\, x +\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2} \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2}\right ) x +4 \left (x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}{x \left (x^{2}+1\right )}\right )}{4}\) | \(265\) |
risch | \(-\frac {2 \left (x^{4}-2 x^{2}+1\right ) \left (x^{2} \left (x^{2}-1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{5 x^{3} \left (x^{2}-1\right )}+\frac {\left (-\frac {\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right ) \ln \left (-\frac {2 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{3} \left (x^{8}-3 x^{6}+3 x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{4}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2} x^{6}-4 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{3} \left (x^{8}-3 x^{6}+3 x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2}+7 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2} x^{4}+2 \left (x^{8}-3 x^{6}+3 x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{3}-5 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2} x^{2}+4 \left (x^{8}-3 x^{6}+3 x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )-4 \sqrt {x^{8}-3 x^{6}+3 x^{4}-x^{2}}\, x^{2}+\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2}+4 \sqrt {x^{8}-3 x^{6}+3 x^{4}-x^{2}}}{\left (-1+x \right )^{2} \left (1+x \right )^{2} \left (x^{2}+1\right )}\right )}{4}+\frac {\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2}\right ) \ln \left (-\frac {2 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2}\right ) \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2} \left (x^{8}-3 x^{6}+3 x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{4}+3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2} x^{6}-4 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2}\right ) \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2} \left (x^{8}-3 x^{6}+3 x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2}-7 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2} x^{4}+2 \left (x^{8}-3 x^{6}+3 x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2}\right ) \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2}-4 \left (x^{8}-3 x^{6}+3 x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2}\right )+5 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2} x^{2}-4 \sqrt {x^{8}-3 x^{6}+3 x^{4}-x^{2}}\, x^{2}-\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-2\right )^{2}+4 \sqrt {x^{8}-3 x^{6}+3 x^{4}-x^{2}}}{\left (-1+x \right )^{2} \left (1+x \right )^{2} \left (x^{2}+1\right )}\right )}{4}\right ) \left (x^{2} \left (x^{2}-1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (x^{2} \left (x^{2}-1\right )^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x \left (x^{2}-1\right )}\) | \(632\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maxima [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {{\left (x^{4} - x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{{\left (x^{4} - 1\right )} x^{4}}\,{d x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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mupad [F] time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.01 \begin {gather*} -\int \frac {{\left (x^4-x^2\right )}^{1/4}}{x^4-x^8} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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sympy [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{x^{2} \left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right )}}{x^{4} \left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + 1\right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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