3.13.19 \(\int \frac {(-1+x^4)^{2/3}}{x} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=89 \[ \frac {3}{8} \left (x^4-1\right )^{2/3}+\frac {1}{4} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{x^4-1}+1\right )-\frac {1}{8} \log \left (\left (x^4-1\right )^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{x^4-1}+1\right )+\frac {1}{4} \sqrt {3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {3}}-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{x^4-1}}{\sqrt {3}}\right ) \]

________________________________________________________________________________________

Rubi [A]  time = 0.04, antiderivative size = 65, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.73, number of steps used = 6, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 13, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.462, Rules used = {266, 50, 56, 618, 204, 31} \begin {gather*} \frac {3}{8} \left (x^4-1\right )^{2/3}+\frac {3}{8} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{x^4-1}+1\right )+\frac {1}{4} \sqrt {3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-2 \sqrt [3]{x^4-1}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )-\frac {\log (x)}{2} \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[(-1 + x^4)^(2/3)/x,x]

[Out]

(3*(-1 + x^4)^(2/3))/8 + (Sqrt[3]*ArcTan[(1 - 2*(-1 + x^4)^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]])/4 - Log[x]/2 + (3*Log[1 + (-1 + x^
4)^(1/3)])/8

Rule 31

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_))^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/b, x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]

Rule 50

Int[((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_))^(n_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[((a + b*x)^(m + 1)*(c + d*x)^n)/(b*
(m + n + 1)), x] + Dist[(n*(b*c - a*d))/(b*(m + n + 1)), Int[(a + b*x)^m*(c + d*x)^(n - 1), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a
, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && GtQ[n, 0] && NeQ[m + n + 1, 0] &&  !(IGtQ[m, 0] && ( !IntegerQ[n] || (G
tQ[m, 0] && LtQ[m - n, 0]))) &&  !ILtQ[m + n + 2, 0] && IntLinearQ[a, b, c, d, m, n, x]

Rule 56

Int[1/(((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_))*((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_))^(1/3)), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[-((b*c - a*d)/b), 3]}, Simp
[Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/(2*b*q), x] + (Dist[3/(2*b), Subst[Int[1/(q^2 - q*x + x^2), x], x, (c + d*x)^(
1/3)], x] - Dist[3/(2*b*q), Subst[Int[1/(q + x), x], x, (c + d*x)^(1/3)], x])] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && Ne
gQ[(b*c - a*d)/b]

Rule 204

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> -Simp[ArcTan[(Rt[-b, 2]*x)/Rt[-a, 2]]/(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]), x] /
; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])

Rule 266

Int[(x_)^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Dist[1/n, Subst[Int[x^(Simplify[(m + 1)/n] - 1)*(a
+ b*x)^p, x], x, x^n], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, m, n, p}, x] && IntegerQ[Simplify[(m + 1)/n]]

Rule 618

Int[((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Dist[-2, Subst[Int[1/Simp[b^2 - 4*a*c - x^2, x], x]
, x, b + 2*c*x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0]

Rubi steps

\begin {align*} \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}}{x} \, dx &=\frac {1}{4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {(-1+x)^{2/3}}{x} \, dx,x,x^4\right )\\ &=\frac {3}{8} \left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}-\frac {1}{4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{-1+x} x} \, dx,x,x^4\right )\\ &=\frac {3}{8} \left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}-\frac {\log (x)}{2}+\frac {3}{8} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x} \, dx,x,\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}\right )-\frac {3}{8} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}\right )\\ &=\frac {3}{8} \left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}-\frac {\log (x)}{2}+\frac {3}{8} \log \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}\right )+\frac {3}{4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,-1+2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}\right )\\ &=\frac {3}{8} \left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}+\frac {1}{4} \sqrt {3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )-\frac {\log (x)}{2}+\frac {3}{8} \log \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}\right )\\ \end {align*}

________________________________________________________________________________________

Mathematica [C]  time = 0.01, size = 30, normalized size = 0.34 \begin {gather*} -\frac {3}{8} \left (x^4-1\right )^{2/3} \left (\, _2F_1\left (\frac {2}{3},1;\frac {5}{3};1-x^4\right )-1\right ) \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Integrate[(-1 + x^4)^(2/3)/x,x]

[Out]

(-3*(-1 + x^4)^(2/3)*(-1 + Hypergeometric2F1[2/3, 1, 5/3, 1 - x^4]))/8

________________________________________________________________________________________

IntegrateAlgebraic [A]  time = 0.05, size = 89, normalized size = 1.00 \begin {gather*} \frac {3}{8} \left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}+\frac {1}{4} \sqrt {3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {3}}-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )+\frac {1}{4} \log \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}\right )-\frac {1}{8} \log \left (1-\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}+\left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}\right ) \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

IntegrateAlgebraic[(-1 + x^4)^(2/3)/x,x]

[Out]

(3*(-1 + x^4)^(2/3))/8 + (Sqrt[3]*ArcTan[1/Sqrt[3] - (2*(-1 + x^4)^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]])/4 + Log[1 + (-1 + x^4)^(1/
3)]/4 - Log[1 - (-1 + x^4)^(1/3) + (-1 + x^4)^(2/3)]/8

________________________________________________________________________________________

fricas [A]  time = 1.00, size = 67, normalized size = 0.75 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {2}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} - \frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3}\right ) + \frac {3}{8} \, {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} - \frac {1}{8} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} - {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((x^4-1)^(2/3)/x,x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

-1/4*sqrt(3)*arctan(2/3*sqrt(3)*(x^4 - 1)^(1/3) - 1/3*sqrt(3)) + 3/8*(x^4 - 1)^(2/3) - 1/8*log((x^4 - 1)^(2/3)
- (x^4 - 1)^(1/3) + 1) + 1/4*log((x^4 - 1)^(1/3) + 1)

________________________________________________________________________________________

giac [A]  time = 0.13, size = 66, normalized size = 0.74 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} - 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {3}{8} \, {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} - \frac {1}{8} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} - {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left ({\left | {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1 \right |}\right ) \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((x^4-1)^(2/3)/x,x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

-1/4*sqrt(3)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*(x^4 - 1)^(1/3) - 1)) + 3/8*(x^4 - 1)^(2/3) - 1/8*log((x^4 - 1)^(2/3) - (x^
4 - 1)^(1/3) + 1) + 1/4*log(abs((x^4 - 1)^(1/3) + 1))

________________________________________________________________________________________

maple [C]  time = 4.05, size = 84, normalized size = 0.94

method	result	size
meijerg	\(-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right ) \mathrm {signum}\left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \left (\frac {2 \pi \sqrt {3}\, x^{4} \hypergeom \left (\left [\frac {1}{3}, 1, 1\right ], \left [2, 2\right ], x^{4}\right )}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}-\frac {\left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {\pi \sqrt {3}}{6}-\frac {3 \ln \relax (3)}{2}+4 \ln \relax (x )+i \pi \right ) \pi \sqrt {3}}{\Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}\right )}{12 \pi \left (-\mathrm {signum}\left (x^{4}-1\right )\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}\)	\(84\)
trager	\(\frac {3 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{8}-\frac {\ln \left (-\frac {-117171 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{4}+440973 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{4}+493850 x^{4}+560547 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-666879 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-560547 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+1874736 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}+666879 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+1185459 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )-458575}{x^{4}}\right )}{4}-\frac {3 \ln \left (-\frac {-117171 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{4}+440973 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{4}+493850 x^{4}+560547 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-666879 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-560547 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+1874736 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}+666879 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+1185459 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )-458575}{x^{4}}\right ) \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )}{4}+\frac {3 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \ln \left (\frac {117171 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{4}+519087 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{4}-333840 x^{4}+560547 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+853728 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-560547 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-1874736 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}-853728 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-64365 \RootOf \left (9 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )+645424}{x^{4}}\right )}{4}\)	\(437\)

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int((x^4-1)^(2/3)/x,x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)

[Out]

-1/12/Pi*3^(1/2)*GAMMA(2/3)*signum(x^4-1)^(2/3)/(-signum(x^4-1))^(2/3)*(2/3*Pi*3^(1/2)/GAMMA(2/3)*x^4*hypergeo
m([1/3,1,1],[2,2],x^4)-(3/2-1/6*Pi*3^(1/2)-3/2*ln(3)+4*ln(x)+I*Pi)*Pi*3^(1/2)/GAMMA(2/3))

________________________________________________________________________________________

maxima [A]  time = 0.56, size = 65, normalized size = 0.73 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} - 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {3}{8} \, {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} - \frac {1}{8} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} - {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((x^4-1)^(2/3)/x,x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

-1/4*sqrt(3)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*(x^4 - 1)^(1/3) - 1)) + 3/8*(x^4 - 1)^(2/3) - 1/8*log((x^4 - 1)^(2/3) - (x^
4 - 1)^(1/3) + 1) + 1/4*log((x^4 - 1)^(1/3) + 1)

________________________________________________________________________________________

mupad [B]  time = 0.83, size = 89, normalized size = 1.00 \begin {gather*} \frac {\ln \left (\frac {9\,{\left (x^4-1\right )}^{1/3}}{16}+\frac {9}{16}\right )}{4}+\ln \left (9\,{\left (-\frac {1}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )}^2+\frac {9\,{\left (x^4-1\right )}^{1/3}}{16}\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )-\ln \left (9\,{\left (\frac {1}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )}^2+\frac {9\,{\left (x^4-1\right )}^{1/3}}{16}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )+\frac {3\,{\left (x^4-1\right )}^{2/3}}{8} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int((x^4 - 1)^(2/3)/x,x)

[Out]

log((9*(x^4 - 1)^(1/3))/16 + 9/16)/4 + log(9*((3^(1/2)*1i)/8 - 1/8)^2 + (9*(x^4 - 1)^(1/3))/16)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/
8 - 1/8) - log(9*((3^(1/2)*1i)/8 + 1/8)^2 + (9*(x^4 - 1)^(1/3))/16)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/8 + 1/8) + (3*(x^4 - 1)^(2/3
))/8

________________________________________________________________________________________

sympy [C]  time = 0.86, size = 39, normalized size = 0.44 \begin {gather*} - \frac {x^{\frac {8}{3}} \Gamma \left (- \frac {2}{3}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {2}{3}, - \frac {2}{3} \\ \frac {1}{3} \end {matrix}\middle | {\frac {e^{2 i \pi }}{x^{4}}} \right )}}{4 \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right )} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((x**4-1)**(2/3)/x,x)

[Out]

-x**(8/3)*gamma(-2/3)*hyper((-2/3, -2/3), (1/3,), exp_polar(2*I*pi)/x**4)/(4*gamma(1/3))

________________________________________________________________________________________