Optimal. Leaf size=110 \[ -\frac {x}{\sqrt {x^4+x^2+1}}+\sqrt {\frac {1}{3} \left (-2+2 i \sqrt {3}\right )} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {2 x}{\left (\sqrt {3}-i\right ) \sqrt {x^4+x^2+1}}\right )+\sqrt {\frac {1}{3} \left (-2-2 i \sqrt {3}\right )} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {2 x}{\left (\sqrt {3}+i\right ) \sqrt {x^4+x^2+1}}\right ) \]
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Rubi [F] time = 1.62, antiderivative size = 0, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.00, number of steps used = 0, number of rules used = 0, integrand size = 0, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.000, Rules used = {} \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right ) \left (1+x^2+3 x^4+x^6+x^8\right )}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )} \, dx \end {gather*}
Verification is not applicable to the result.
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\begin {align*} \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right ) \left (1+x^2+3 x^4+x^6+x^8\right )}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )} \, dx &=\int \left (\frac {3}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}}-\frac {2 x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}}+\frac {x^4}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}}-\frac {2 \left (2+4 x^2+6 x^4+x^6\right )}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )}\right ) \, dx\\ &=-\left (2 \int \frac {x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx\right )-2 \int \frac {2+4 x^2+6 x^4+x^6}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )} \, dx+3 \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx+\int \frac {x^4}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx\\ &=\frac {x \left (1-x^2\right )}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}-\frac {x \left (2+x^2\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}-\frac {2 x \left (1+2 x^2\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}+\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {2+x^2}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx+\frac {2}{3} \int \frac {1+2 x^2}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx-2 \int \left (\frac {2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )}+\frac {4 x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )}+\frac {6 x^4}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )}+\frac {x^6}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )}\right ) \, dx+\int \frac {2+x^2}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx\\ &=\frac {x \left (1-x^2\right )}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}-\frac {x \left (2+x^2\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}-\frac {2 x \left (1+2 x^2\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}-\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {1-x^2}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx-\frac {4}{3} \int \frac {1-x^2}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx+2 \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx-2 \int \frac {x^6}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )} \, dx+3 \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx-4 \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )} \, dx-8 \int \frac {x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )} \, dx-12 \int \frac {x^4}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )} \, dx+\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx-\int \frac {1-x^2}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx\\ &=\frac {x \left (1-x^2\right )}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}-\frac {x \left (2+x^2\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}-\frac {2 x \left (1+2 x^2\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}+\frac {8 x \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}{3 \left (1+x^2\right )}-\frac {8 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^2+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}(x)|\frac {1}{4}\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}+\frac {3 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^2+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}(x)|\frac {1}{4}\right )}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}-2 \int \frac {x^6}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )} \, dx-4 \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )} \, dx-8 \int \frac {x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )} \, dx-12 \int \frac {x^4}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2} \left (1+3 x^2+5 x^4+3 x^6+x^8\right )} \, dx\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] time = 2.29, size = 1525, normalized size = 13.86
result too large to display
Warning: Unable to verify antiderivative.
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IntegrateAlgebraic [A] time = 1.15, size = 73, normalized size = 0.66 \begin {gather*} -\frac {x}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}{1+x^4}\right )}{\sqrt {3}}-\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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fricas [A] time = 0.62, size = 146, normalized size = 1.33 \begin {gather*} -\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} \sqrt {x^{4} + x^{2} + 1} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}}{3 \, {\left (x^{5} + x^{3} + x\right )}}\right ) - 3 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )} \log \left (\frac {x^{8} + 5 \, x^{6} + 7 \, x^{4} + 5 \, x^{2} - 2 \, {\left (x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x\right )} \sqrt {x^{4} + x^{2} + 1} + 1}{x^{8} + 3 \, x^{6} + 5 \, x^{4} + 3 \, x^{2} + 1}\right ) + 6 \, \sqrt {x^{4} + x^{2} + 1} x}{6 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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giac [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {{\left (x^{8} + x^{6} + 3 \, x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}}{{\left (x^{8} + 3 \, x^{6} + 5 \, x^{4} + 3 \, x^{2} + 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}}\,{d x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maple [A] time = 1.85, size = 152, normalized size = 1.38
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {x}{\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}-\frac {\ln \left (\frac {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}{x^{2}}+\frac {\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}{x}+1\right )}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {6}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (\frac {2 \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \sqrt {2}}{x}+\sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt {6}}{6}\right )}{6}+\frac {\ln \left (\frac {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}{x^{2}}-\frac {\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}{x}+1\right )}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {6}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (\frac {2 \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \sqrt {2}}{x}-\sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt {6}}{6}\right )}{6}\) | \(152\) |
elliptic | \(\frac {\left (-\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \ln \left (\frac {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}{x^{2}}+\frac {\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}{x}+1\right )}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {6}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (\frac {2 \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \sqrt {2}}{x}+\sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt {6}}{6}\right )}{3}+\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \ln \left (\frac {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}{x^{2}}-\frac {\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}{x}+1\right )}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {6}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (\frac {2 \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \sqrt {2}}{x}-\sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt {6}}{6}\right )}{3}-\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}\right ) \sqrt {2}}{2}\) | \(160\) |
trager | \(-\frac {x}{\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}-2 \ln \left (-\frac {x^{4}+12 \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \RootOf \left (12 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-6 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x -6 \RootOf \left (12 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-6 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{2}-4 \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, x +2 x^{2}+1}{x^{4}+6 \RootOf \left (12 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-6 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{2}+1}\right ) \RootOf \left (12 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-6 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )+2 \RootOf \left (12 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-6 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \ln \left (\frac {-x^{4}+12 \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \RootOf \left (12 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-6 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x -6 \RootOf \left (12 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-6 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{2}-2 \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, x +x^{2}-1}{-x^{4}+6 \RootOf \left (12 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-6 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{2}-3 x^{2}-1}\right )+\ln \left (-\frac {x^{4}+12 \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \RootOf \left (12 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-6 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x -6 \RootOf \left (12 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-6 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{2}-4 \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, x +2 x^{2}+1}{x^{4}+6 \RootOf \left (12 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-6 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{2}+1}\right )\) | \(314\) |
default | \(-\frac {2 \left (\frac {1}{6} x^{3}+\frac {1}{3} x \right )}{\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}+\frac {-\frac {4}{3} x^{3}-\frac {2}{3} x}{\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}-\frac {6 \left (-\frac {1}{6} x +\frac {1}{6} x^{3}\right )}{\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}+\frac {\frac {8}{3} x^{3}-\frac {2}{3} x}{\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}-\frac {\left (\munderset {\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha =\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{8}+3 \textit {\_Z}^{6}+5 \textit {\_Z}^{4}+3 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )}{\sum }\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha \left (2 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{6}+6 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{4}+8 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2}+3\right ) \left (-\frac {\arctanh \left (\frac {\left (2 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2}+1\right ) \left (-12 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{6}-30 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{4}-45 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2}+7 x^{2}-10\right )}{14 \sqrt {\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{4}+\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2}+1}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}\right )}{\sqrt {\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{4}+\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2}+1}}-\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \left (-\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{7}-3 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{5}-5 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{3}-3 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha \right ) \sqrt {x^{2}+2-i \sqrt {3}\, x^{2}}\, \sqrt {x^{2}+2+i \sqrt {3}\, x^{2}}\, \EllipticPi \left (\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, x , \frac {i \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{6} \sqrt {3}}{2}+\frac {\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{6}}{2}+\frac {3}{2}+\frac {3 i \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{4} \sqrt {3}}{2}+\frac {3 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{4}}{2}+\frac {5 i \sqrt {3}\, \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2}}{2}+\frac {5 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2}}{2}+\frac {3 i \sqrt {3}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}{\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-1+i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}\right )\right )}{6}\) | \(356\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maxima [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {{\left (x^{8} + x^{6} + 3 \, x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}}{{\left (x^{8} + 3 \, x^{6} + 5 \, x^{4} + 3 \, x^{2} + 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}}\,{d x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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mupad [F] time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.01 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\left (x^4-1\right )\,\left (x^8+x^6+3\,x^4+x^2+1\right )}{{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}^{3/2}\,\left (x^8+3\,x^6+5\,x^4+3\,x^2+1\right )} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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sympy [F(-1)] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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