Optimal. Leaf size=24 \[ -2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x^3+x^2+x}}{x^2+x+1}\right ) \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.40, antiderivative size = 46, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.92, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, integrand size = 21, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.190, Rules used = {2056, 6733, 1698, 203} \begin {gather*} -\frac {2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt {x^2+x+1} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {x^2+x+1}}\right )}{\sqrt {x^3+x^2+x}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 203
Rule 1698
Rule 2056
Rule 6733
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {-1+x}{(1+x) \sqrt {x+x^2+x^3}} \, dx &=\frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {1+x+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {-1+x}{\sqrt {x} (1+x) \sqrt {1+x+x^2}} \, dx}{\sqrt {x+x^2+x^3}}\\ &=\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1+x+x^2}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-1+x^2}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {x+x^2+x^3}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1+x+x^2}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {1+x+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {x+x^2+x^3}}\\ &=-\frac {2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1+x+x^2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {1+x+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {x+x^2+x^3}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] time = 0.30, size = 107, normalized size = 4.46 \begin {gather*} \frac {2 (-1)^{2/3} \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1}}{x}+1} \sqrt {1-\frac {(-1)^{2/3}}{x}} x^{3/2} \left (F\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\frac {(-1)^{5/6}}{\sqrt {x}}\right )|(-1)^{2/3}\right )-2 \Pi \left (\sqrt [3]{-1};i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\frac {(-1)^{5/6}}{\sqrt {x}}\right )|(-1)^{2/3}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {x \left (x^2+x+1\right )}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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IntegrateAlgebraic [A] time = 0.07, size = 24, normalized size = 1.00 \begin {gather*} -2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x+x^2+x^3}}{1+x+x^2}\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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fricas [A] time = 0.48, size = 18, normalized size = 0.75 \begin {gather*} \arctan \left (\frac {x^{2} + 1}{2 \, \sqrt {x^{3} + x^{2} + x}}\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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giac [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x - 1}{\sqrt {x^{3} + x^{2} + x} {\left (x + 1\right )}}\,{d x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maple [C] time = 0.34, size = 45, normalized size = 1.88
method | result | size |
trager | \(-\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) \ln \left (\frac {\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x^{2}+\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )+2 \sqrt {x^{3}+x^{2}+x}}{\left (1+x \right )^{2}}\right )\) | \(45\) |
default | \(\frac {2 \left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {i \left (x +\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x}{-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \EllipticF \left (\sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \frac {\sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {i \left (-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {3}}}{3}\right )}{3 \sqrt {x^{3}+x^{2}+x}}-\frac {4 \left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {i \left (x +\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x}{-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \EllipticPi \left (\sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \frac {-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}, \frac {\sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {i \left (-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {3}}}{3}\right )}{3 \sqrt {x^{3}+x^{2}+x}\, \left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right )}\) | \(271\) |
elliptic | \(\frac {2 \left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {i \left (x +\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x}{-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \EllipticF \left (\sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \frac {\sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {i \left (-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {3}}}{3}\right )}{3 \sqrt {x^{3}+x^{2}+x}}-\frac {4 \left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {i \left (x +\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x}{-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \EllipticPi \left (\sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \frac {-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}, \frac {\sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {i \left (-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {3}}}{3}\right )}{3 \sqrt {x^{3}+x^{2}+x}\, \left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right )}\) | \(271\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maxima [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x - 1}{\sqrt {x^{3} + x^{2} + x} {\left (x + 1\right )}}\,{d x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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mupad [B] time = 0.30, size = 179, normalized size = 7.46 \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt {\frac {x}{-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\sqrt {-\frac {x+\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\sqrt {\frac {x+\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\left (\sqrt {3}+1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,\left (\mathrm {F}\left (\mathrm {asin}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x}{-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\right )\middle |-\frac {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}\right )-2\,\Pi \left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2};\mathrm {asin}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x}{-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\right )\middle |-\frac {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}\right )\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{\sqrt {x^3+x^2-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,x}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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sympy [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x - 1}{\sqrt {x \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right )} \left (x + 1\right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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