3.28.50 \(\int \frac {(-1+x^4) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}{-1-x^2+x^4} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=257 \[ \frac {1}{2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2} x-\frac {3}{4} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2}}\right )+\sqrt {\frac {1}{10} \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right )} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}-\frac {1}{2}} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2}}\right )+\sqrt {\frac {1}{10} \left (\sqrt {5}-1\right )} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2}}\right )+\frac {3}{4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2}}\right )-\sqrt {\frac {1}{10} \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right )} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}-\frac {1}{2}} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2}}\right )-\sqrt {\frac {1}{10} \left (\sqrt {5}-1\right )} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2}}\right ) \]

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.81, antiderivative size = 435, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.69, number of steps used = 25, number of rules used = 12, integrand size = 31, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.387, Rules used = {2056, 6728, 279, 329, 331, 298, 203, 206, 1269, 1518, 1528, 494} \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2} x-\frac {3 \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{x^2-1}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [4]{x^2-1} \sqrt {x}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {5}\right )} \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {2}{3+\sqrt {5}}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{x^2-1}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \sqrt [4]{x^2-1} \sqrt {x}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {1}{2} \left (3-\sqrt {5}\right )} \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {5}\right )} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{x^2-1}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \sqrt [4]{x^2-1} \sqrt {x}}+\frac {3 \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{x^2-1}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [4]{x^2-1} \sqrt {x}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {5}\right )} \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {2}{3+\sqrt {5}}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{x^2-1}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \sqrt [4]{x^2-1} \sqrt {x}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {1}{2} \left (3-\sqrt {5}\right )} \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {5}\right )} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{x^2-1}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \sqrt [4]{x^2-1} \sqrt {x}} \end {gather*}

Warning: Unable to verify antiderivative.

[In]

Int[((-1 + x^4)*(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4))/(-1 - x^2 + x^4),x]

[Out]

(x*(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4))/2 - (3*(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4)*ArcTan[Sqrt[x]/(-1 + x^2)^(1/4)])/(4*Sqrt[x]*(-1 + x^2)^(1/4)
) + (((3 + Sqrt[5])/2)^(1/4)*(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4)*ArcTan[((2/(3 + Sqrt[5]))^(1/4)*Sqrt[x])/(-1 + x^2)^(1/4)])/(S
qrt[5]*Sqrt[x]*(-1 + x^2)^(1/4)) + (((3 - Sqrt[5])/2)^(1/4)*(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4)*ArcTan[(((3 + Sqrt[5])/2)^(1/4)
*Sqrt[x])/(-1 + x^2)^(1/4)])/(Sqrt[5]*Sqrt[x]*(-1 + x^2)^(1/4)) + (3*(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4)*ArcTanh[Sqrt[x]/(-1 +
x^2)^(1/4)])/(4*Sqrt[x]*(-1 + x^2)^(1/4)) - (((3 + Sqrt[5])/2)^(1/4)*(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4)*ArcTanh[((2/(3 + Sqrt[
5]))^(1/4)*Sqrt[x])/(-1 + x^2)^(1/4)])/(Sqrt[5]*Sqrt[x]*(-1 + x^2)^(1/4)) - (((3 - Sqrt[5])/2)^(1/4)*(-x^2 + x
^4)^(1/4)*ArcTanh[(((3 + Sqrt[5])/2)^(1/4)*Sqrt[x])/(-1 + x^2)^(1/4)])/(Sqrt[5]*Sqrt[x]*(-1 + x^2)^(1/4))

Rule 203

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1*ArcTan[(Rt[b, 2]*x)/Rt[a, 2]])/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[b, 2]), x] /;
FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a, 0] || GtQ[b, 0])

Rule 206

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1*ArcTanh[(Rt[-b, 2]*x)/Rt[a, 2]])/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]), x]
/; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])

Rule 279

Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[((c*x)^(m + 1)*(a + b*x^n)^p)/(c*(m +
n*p + 1)), x] + Dist[(a*n*p)/(m + n*p + 1), Int[(c*x)^m*(a + b*x^n)^(p - 1), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, m}, x]
&& IGtQ[n, 0] && GtQ[p, 0] && NeQ[m + n*p + 1, 0] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, n, m, p, x]

Rule 298

Int[(x_)^2/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numerator[Rt[-(a/b), 2]], s = Denominator[Rt[-(a/b),
2]]}, Dist[s/(2*b), Int[1/(r + s*x^2), x], x] - Dist[s/(2*b), Int[1/(r - s*x^2), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] &
&  !GtQ[a/b, 0]

Rule 329

Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> With[{k = Denominator[m]}, Dist[k/c, Subst[I
nt[x^(k*(m + 1) - 1)*(a + (b*x^(k*n))/c^n)^p, x], x, (c*x)^(1/k)], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0]
&& FractionQ[m] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, n, m, p, x]

Rule 331

Int[(x_)^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Dist[a^(p + (m + 1)/n), Subst[Int[x^m/(1 - b*x^n)^(
p + (m + 1)/n + 1), x], x, x/(a + b*x^n)^(1/n)], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && LtQ[-1, p, 0] && NeQ[
p, -2^(-1)] && IntegersQ[m, p + (m + 1)/n]

Rule 494

Int[(x_)^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_)*((c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(q_.), x_Symbol] :> With[{k = Denominato
r[p]}, Dist[(k*a^(p + (m + 1)/n))/n, Subst[Int[(x^((k*(m + 1))/n - 1)*(c - (b*c - a*d)*x^k)^q)/(1 - b*x^k)^(p
+ q + (m + 1)/n + 1), x], x, x^(n/k)/(a + b*x^n)^(1/k)], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && Ration
alQ[m, p] && IntegersQ[p + (m + 1)/n, q] && LtQ[-1, p, 0]

Rule 1269

Int[((f_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)^(q_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> With
[{k = Denominator[m]}, Dist[k/f, Subst[Int[x^(k*(m + 1) - 1)*(d + (e*x^(2*k))/f^2)^q*(a + (b*x^(2*k))/f^k + (c
*x^(4*k))/f^4)^p, x], x, (f*x)^(1/k)], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, p, q}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && Fra
ctionQ[m] && IntegerQ[p]

Rule 1518

Int[(((f_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(q_))/((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^(n2_.) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_)), x_Symbol
] :> Dist[(e*f^n)/c, Int[(f*x)^(m - n)*(d + e*x^n)^(q - 1), x], x] - Dist[f^n/c, Int[((f*x)^(m - n)*(d + e*x^n
)^(q - 1)*Simp[a*e - (c*d - b*e)*x^n, x])/(a + b*x^n + c*x^(2*n)), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] && E
qQ[n2, 2*n] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && IGtQ[n, 0] &&  !IntegerQ[q] && GtQ[q, 0] && GtQ[m, n - 1] && LeQ[m, 2*n
- 1]

Rule 1528

Int[(((f_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(q_))/((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^(n2_.) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_)), x_Symbol]
:> Int[ExpandIntegrand[(d + e*x^n)^q, (f*x)^m/(a + b*x^n + c*x^(2*n)), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, q,
n}, x] && EqQ[n2, 2*n] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && IGtQ[n, 0] &&  !IntegerQ[q] && IntegerQ[m]

Rule 2056

Int[(u_.)*(P_)^(p_.), x_Symbol] :> With[{m = MinimumMonomialExponent[P, x]}, Dist[P^FracPart[p]/(x^(m*FracPart
[p])*Distrib[1/x^m, P]^FracPart[p]), Int[u*x^(m*p)*Distrib[1/x^m, P]^p, x], x]] /; FreeQ[p, x] &&  !IntegerQ[p
] && SumQ[P] && EveryQ[BinomialQ[#1, x] & , P] &&  !PolyQ[P, x, 2]

Rule 6728

Int[(u_)/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_.) + (c_.)*(x_)^(n2_.)), x_Symbol] :> With[{v = RationalFunctionExpand[u/(a +
b*x^n + c*x^(2*n)), x]}, Int[v, x] /; SumQ[v]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && EqQ[n2, 2*n] && IGtQ[n, 0]

Rubi steps

\begin {align*} \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}{-1-x^2+x^4} \, dx &=\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \int \frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2} \left (-1+x^4\right )}{-1-x^2+x^4} \, dx}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \int \left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}+\frac {x^{5/2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}{-1-x^2+x^4}\right ) \, dx}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \int \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2} \, dx}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \int \frac {x^{5/2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}{-1-x^2+x^4} \, dx}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \int \frac {\sqrt {x}}{\left (-1+x^2\right )^{3/4}} \, dx}{4 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^6 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{-1-x^4+x^8} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (-1-x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{1-x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{1-x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \left (-\frac {2 x^2}{\sqrt {5} \left (1+\sqrt {5}-2 x^4\right ) \left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {2 x^2}{\sqrt {5} \left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x^4\right )}\right ) \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}-\frac {\left (4 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{\left (1+\sqrt {5}-2 x^4\right ) \left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}-\frac {\left (4 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x^4\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}-\frac {3 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {3 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}-\frac {\left (4 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{1+\sqrt {5}-\left (-1+\sqrt {5}\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}-\frac {\left (4 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{-1+\sqrt {5}-\left (1+\sqrt {5}\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}-\frac {3 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {3 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {\frac {2}{5}} \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {3-\sqrt {5}}-\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\left (-1-\sqrt {5}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}-\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {\frac {2}{5}} \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {3-\sqrt {5}}+\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\left (-1-\sqrt {5}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {\frac {2}{5}} \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {3+\sqrt {5}}-\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}-\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {\frac {2}{5}} \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {3+\sqrt {5}}+\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ &=\frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}-\frac {3 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {5}\right )} \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {2}{3+\sqrt {5}}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {1}{2} \left (3-\sqrt {5}\right )} \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {5}\right )} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}+\frac {3 \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {5}\right )} \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {2}{3+\sqrt {5}}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {1}{2} \left (3-\sqrt {5}\right )} \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {5}\right )} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}}\\ \end {align*}

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Mathematica [C]  time = 2.07, size = 231, normalized size = 0.90 \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt [4]{x^2 \left (x^2-1\right )} \left (\frac {4 \left (\sqrt {5}-1\right )^{3/4} \left (5+\sqrt {5}\right ) x^{3/2} \, _2F_1\left (\frac {3}{4},\frac {3}{4};\frac {7}{4};\frac {\left (1+\sqrt {5}\right ) x^2}{2 x^2+\sqrt {5}-1}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{1-x^2} \left (2 x^2+\sqrt {5}-1\right )^{3/4}}+\frac {4 \left (\sqrt {5}-5\right ) x^{3/2} \, _2F_1\left (\frac {3}{4},1;\frac {7}{4};\frac {\left (-1+\sqrt {5}\right ) x^2}{\left (1+\sqrt {5}\right ) \left (x^2-1\right )}\right )}{x^2-1}-\frac {45 \left (\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{x^2-1}}\right )-\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{x^2-1}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x^2-1}}\right )}{60 \sqrt {x}}+\frac {1}{2} \sqrt [4]{x^2 \left (x^2-1\right )} x \end {gather*}

Warning: Unable to verify antiderivative.

[In]

Integrate[((-1 + x^4)*(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4))/(-1 - x^2 + x^4),x]

[Out]

(x*(x^2*(-1 + x^2))^(1/4))/2 + ((x^2*(-1 + x^2))^(1/4)*((-45*(ArcTan[Sqrt[x]/(-1 + x^2)^(1/4)] - ArcTanh[Sqrt[
x]/(-1 + x^2)^(1/4)]))/(-1 + x^2)^(1/4) + (4*(-1 + Sqrt[5])^(3/4)*(5 + Sqrt[5])*x^(3/2)*Hypergeometric2F1[3/4,
3/4, 7/4, ((1 + Sqrt[5])*x^2)/(-1 + Sqrt[5] + 2*x^2)])/((1 - x^2)^(1/4)*(-1 + Sqrt[5] + 2*x^2)^(3/4)) + (4*(-
5 + Sqrt[5])*x^(3/2)*Hypergeometric2F1[3/4, 1, 7/4, ((-1 + Sqrt[5])*x^2)/((1 + Sqrt[5])*(-1 + x^2))])/(-1 + x^
2)))/(60*Sqrt[x])

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IntegrateAlgebraic [A]  time = 0.87, size = 257, normalized size = 1.00 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}-\frac {3}{4} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}\right )+\sqrt {\frac {1}{10} \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right )} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}} x}{\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}\right )+\sqrt {\frac {1}{10} \left (-1+\sqrt {5}\right )} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}} x}{\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}\right )+\frac {3}{4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}\right )-\sqrt {\frac {1}{10} \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right )} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}} x}{\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}\right )-\sqrt {\frac {1}{10} \left (-1+\sqrt {5}\right )} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}} x}{\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}}\right ) \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

IntegrateAlgebraic[((-1 + x^4)*(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4))/(-1 - x^2 + x^4),x]

[Out]

(x*(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4))/2 - (3*ArcTan[x/(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4)])/4 + Sqrt[(1 + Sqrt[5])/10]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[-1/2 + Sqr
t[5]/2]*x)/(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4)] + Sqrt[(-1 + Sqrt[5])/10]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[1/2 + Sqrt[5]/2]*x)/(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4)]
+ (3*ArcTanh[x/(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4)])/4 - Sqrt[(1 + Sqrt[5])/10]*ArcTanh[(Sqrt[-1/2 + Sqrt[5]/2]*x)/(-x^2 + x^4)
^(1/4)] - Sqrt[(-1 + Sqrt[5])/10]*ArcTanh[(Sqrt[1/2 + Sqrt[5]/2]*x)/(-x^2 + x^4)^(1/4)]

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fricas [B]  time = 35.91, size = 1255, normalized size = 4.88

result too large to display

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((x^4-1)*(x^4-x^2)^(1/4)/(x^4-x^2-1),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

-1/10*sqrt(10)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 1)*arctan(-1/818620*(sqrt(2)*(sqrt(10)*sqrt(x^4 - x^2)*(430*x^3 - sqrt(5)*(448*x
^3 - 439*x) - 1335*x) - sqrt(10)*(1120*x^5 - 1550*x^3 - sqrt(5)*(215*x^5 - 663*x^3 + 224*x) + 215*x))*sqrt(401
57*sqrt(5) + 36899)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 1) + 81862*(sqrt(10)*(x^4 - x^2)^(3/4)*(sqrt(5)*(2*x^2 - 1) + 5) + sqrt(10)
*(5*x^4 - 5*x^2 - sqrt(5)*(x^4 - 3*x^2))*(x^4 - x^2)^(1/4))*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 1))/(x^5 - x^3 - x)) - 1/10*sqrt(10
)*sqrt(sqrt(5) - 1)*arctan(1/818620*(sqrt(2)*(sqrt(10)*sqrt(x^4 - x^2)*(430*x^3 + sqrt(5)*(448*x^3 - 439*x) -
1335*x) + sqrt(10)*(1120*x^5 - 1550*x^3 + sqrt(5)*(215*x^5 - 663*x^3 + 224*x) + 215*x))*sqrt(40157*sqrt(5) - 3
6899)*sqrt(sqrt(5) - 1) + 81862*(sqrt(10)*(x^4 - x^2)^(3/4)*(sqrt(5)*(2*x^2 - 1) - 5) + sqrt(10)*(5*x^4 - 5*x^
2 + sqrt(5)*(x^4 - 3*x^2))*(x^4 - x^2)^(1/4))*sqrt(sqrt(5) - 1))/(x^5 - x^3 - x)) - 1/40*sqrt(10)*sqrt(sqrt(5)
+ 1)*log((20*(x^4 - x^2)^(3/4)*(448*x^2 + sqrt(5)*(86*x^2 + 181) - 9) + (2*sqrt(10)*sqrt(x^4 - x^2)*(905*x^3
- sqrt(5)*(9*x^3 - 457*x) - 475*x) - sqrt(10)*(45*x^5 - 1855*x^3 - sqrt(5)*(905*x^5 - 923*x^3 + 9*x) + 905*x))
*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 1) - 20*(9*x^4 - 457*x^2 - sqrt(5)*(181*x^4 - 95*x^2))*(x^4 - x^2)^(1/4))/(x^5 - x^3 - x)) + 1
/40*sqrt(10)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 1)*log((20*(x^4 - x^2)^(3/4)*(448*x^2 + sqrt(5)*(86*x^2 + 181) - 9) - (2*sqrt(10)*
sqrt(x^4 - x^2)*(905*x^3 - sqrt(5)*(9*x^3 - 457*x) - 475*x) - sqrt(10)*(45*x^5 - 1855*x^3 - sqrt(5)*(905*x^5 -
923*x^3 + 9*x) + 905*x))*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 1) - 20*(9*x^4 - 457*x^2 - sqrt(5)*(181*x^4 - 95*x^2))*(x^4 - x^2)^(1
/4))/(x^5 - x^3 - x)) - 1/40*sqrt(10)*sqrt(sqrt(5) - 1)*log((20*(x^4 - x^2)^(3/4)*(448*x^2 - sqrt(5)*(86*x^2 +
181) - 9) + (2*sqrt(10)*sqrt(x^4 - x^2)*(905*x^3 + sqrt(5)*(9*x^3 - 457*x) - 475*x) + sqrt(10)*(45*x^5 - 1855
*x^3 + sqrt(5)*(905*x^5 - 923*x^3 + 9*x) + 905*x))*sqrt(sqrt(5) - 1) + 20*(9*x^4 - 457*x^2 + sqrt(5)*(181*x^4
- 95*x^2))*(x^4 - x^2)^(1/4))/(x^5 - x^3 - x)) + 1/40*sqrt(10)*sqrt(sqrt(5) - 1)*log((20*(x^4 - x^2)^(3/4)*(44
8*x^2 - sqrt(5)*(86*x^2 + 181) - 9) - (2*sqrt(10)*sqrt(x^4 - x^2)*(905*x^3 + sqrt(5)*(9*x^3 - 457*x) - 475*x)
+ sqrt(10)*(45*x^5 - 1855*x^3 + sqrt(5)*(905*x^5 - 923*x^3 + 9*x) + 905*x))*sqrt(sqrt(5) - 1) + 20*(9*x^4 - 45
7*x^2 + sqrt(5)*(181*x^4 - 95*x^2))*(x^4 - x^2)^(1/4))/(x^5 - x^3 - x)) + 1/2*(x^4 - x^2)^(1/4)*x + 3/8*arctan
(2*((x^4 - x^2)^(1/4)*x^2 + (x^4 - x^2)^(3/4))/x) + 3/8*log((2*x^3 + 2*(x^4 - x^2)^(1/4)*x^2 + 2*sqrt(x^4 - x^
2)*x - x + 2*(x^4 - x^2)^(3/4))/x)

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giac [A]  time = 1.92, size = 248, normalized size = 0.96 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{2} \, x^{2} {\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + \frac {1}{10} \, \sqrt {10 \, \sqrt {5} - 10} \arctan \left (\frac {{\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {5} + \frac {1}{2}}}\right ) + \frac {1}{10} \, \sqrt {10 \, \sqrt {5} + 10} \arctan \left (\frac {{\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {5} - \frac {1}{2}}}\right ) + \frac {1}{20} \, \sqrt {10 \, \sqrt {5} - 10} \log \left (\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {5} + \frac {1}{2}} + {\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) - \frac {1}{20} \, \sqrt {10 \, \sqrt {5} - 10} \log \left (\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {5} + \frac {1}{2}} - {\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) + \frac {1}{20} \, \sqrt {10 \, \sqrt {5} + 10} \log \left (\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {5} - \frac {1}{2}} + {\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) - \frac {1}{20} \, \sqrt {10 \, \sqrt {5} + 10} \log \left ({\left | -\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {5} - \frac {1}{2}} + {\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \right |}\right ) - \frac {3}{4} \, \arctan \left ({\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) - \frac {3}{8} \, \log \left ({\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + 1\right ) + \frac {3}{8} \, \log \left (-{\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + 1\right ) \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((x^4-1)*(x^4-x^2)^(1/4)/(x^4-x^2-1),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

-1/2*x^2*(-1/x^2 + 1)^(1/4) + 1/10*sqrt(10*sqrt(5) - 10)*arctan((-1/x^2 + 1)^(1/4)/sqrt(1/2*sqrt(5) + 1/2)) +
1/10*sqrt(10*sqrt(5) + 10)*arctan((-1/x^2 + 1)^(1/4)/sqrt(1/2*sqrt(5) - 1/2)) + 1/20*sqrt(10*sqrt(5) - 10)*log
(sqrt(1/2*sqrt(5) + 1/2) + (-1/x^2 + 1)^(1/4)) - 1/20*sqrt(10*sqrt(5) - 10)*log(sqrt(1/2*sqrt(5) + 1/2) - (-1/
x^2 + 1)^(1/4)) + 1/20*sqrt(10*sqrt(5) + 10)*log(sqrt(1/2*sqrt(5) - 1/2) + (-1/x^2 + 1)^(1/4)) - 1/20*sqrt(10*
sqrt(5) + 10)*log(abs(-sqrt(1/2*sqrt(5) - 1/2) + (-1/x^2 + 1)^(1/4))) - 3/4*arctan((-1/x^2 + 1)^(1/4)) - 3/8*l
og((-1/x^2 + 1)^(1/4) + 1) + 3/8*log(-(-1/x^2 + 1)^(1/4) + 1)

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maple [F]  time = 0.01, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[\int \frac {\left (x^{4}-1\right ) \left (x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x^{4}-x^{2}-1}\, dx\]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int((x^4-1)*(x^4-x^2)^(1/4)/(x^4-x^2-1),x)

[Out]

int((x^4-1)*(x^4-x^2)^(1/4)/(x^4-x^2-1),x)

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maxima [F]  time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {{\left (x^{4} - x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}}{x^{4} - x^{2} - 1}\,{d x} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((x^4-1)*(x^4-x^2)^(1/4)/(x^4-x^2-1),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate((x^4 - x^2)^(1/4)*(x^4 - 1)/(x^4 - x^2 - 1), x)

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mupad [F]  time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} -\int \frac {\left (x^4-1\right )\,{\left (x^4-x^2\right )}^{1/4}}{-x^4+x^2+1} \,d x \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(-((x^4 - 1)*(x^4 - x^2)^(1/4))/(x^2 - x^4 + 1),x)

[Out]

-int(((x^4 - 1)*(x^4 - x^2)^(1/4))/(x^2 - x^4 + 1), x)

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sympy [F]  time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{x^{2} \left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right )} \left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + 1\right )}{x^{4} - x^{2} - 1}\, dx \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((x**4-1)*(x**4-x**2)**(1/4)/(x**4-x**2-1),x)

[Out]

Integral((x**2*(x - 1)*(x + 1))**(1/4)*(x - 1)*(x + 1)*(x**2 + 1)/(x**4 - x**2 - 1), x)

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