Optimal. Leaf size=356 \[ -\frac {1}{6} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{x^4+x^2}-x\right )-\frac {1}{6} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{x^4+x^2}+x\right )+\frac {\log \left (2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{x^4+x^2}-2 x\right )}{12 \sqrt [3]{2}}+\frac {\log \left (2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{x^4+x^2}+2 x\right )}{12 \sqrt [3]{2}}+\frac {1}{12} \log \left (x^2-\sqrt [3]{x^4+x^2} x+\left (x^4+x^2\right )^{2/3}\right )+\frac {1}{12} \log \left (x^2+\sqrt [3]{x^4+x^2} x+\left (x^4+x^2\right )^{2/3}\right )-\frac {\log \left (-2 x^2+2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{x^4+x^2} x-\sqrt [3]{2} \left (x^4+x^2\right )^{2/3}\right )}{24 \sqrt [3]{2}}-\frac {\log \left (2 x^2+2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{x^4+x^2} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (x^4+x^2\right )^{2/3}\right )}{24 \sqrt [3]{2}}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x^2}{x^2+2 \left (x^4+x^2\right )^{2/3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x^2}{x^2+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (x^4+x^2\right )^{2/3}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt {3}} \]
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Rubi [C] time = 1.58, antiderivative size = 152, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.43, number of steps used = 43, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 22, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.273, Rules used = {2056, 6725, 959, 466, 465, 510} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt [3]{x^2+1} x^4 F_1\left (\frac {5}{3};\frac {1}{3},1;\frac {8}{3};-x^2,-\sqrt [3]{-1} x^2\right )}{10 \sqrt [3]{x^4+x^2}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{x^2+1} x^4 F_1\left (\frac {5}{3};\frac {1}{3},1;\frac {8}{3};-x^2,(-1)^{2/3} x^2\right )}{10 \sqrt [3]{x^4+x^2}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{x^2+1} x^4 F_1\left (\frac {5}{3};1,\frac {1}{3};\frac {8}{3};x^2,-x^2\right )}{10 \sqrt [3]{x^4+x^2}} \end {gather*}
Warning: Unable to verify antiderivative.
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Rule 465
Rule 466
Rule 510
Rule 959
Rule 2056
Rule 6725
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {x^3}{\sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4} \left (-1+x^6\right )} \, dx &=\frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {x^{7/3}}{\sqrt [3]{1+x^2} \left (-1+x^6\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}\\ &=\frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \left (-\frac {x^{7/3}}{2 \sqrt [3]{1+x^2} \left (1-x^3\right )}-\frac {x^{7/3}}{2 \sqrt [3]{1+x^2} \left (1+x^3\right )}\right ) \, dx}{\sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {x^{7/3}}{\sqrt [3]{1+x^2} \left (1-x^3\right )} \, dx}{2 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}-\frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {x^{7/3}}{\sqrt [3]{1+x^2} \left (1+x^3\right )} \, dx}{2 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \left (-\frac {x^{7/3}}{3 (-1-x) \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}}-\frac {x^{7/3}}{3 \left (-1+\sqrt [3]{-1} x\right ) \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}}-\frac {x^{7/3}}{3 \left (-1-(-1)^{2/3} x\right ) \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}}\right ) \, dx}{2 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}-\frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \left (\frac {x^{7/3}}{3 (1-x) \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}}+\frac {x^{7/3}}{3 \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1} x\right ) \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}}+\frac {x^{7/3}}{3 \left (1-(-1)^{2/3} x\right ) \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}}\right ) \, dx}{2 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}\\ &=\frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {x^{7/3}}{(-1-x) \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}} \, dx}{6 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}-\frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {x^{7/3}}{(1-x) \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}} \, dx}{6 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}+\frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {x^{7/3}}{\left (-1+\sqrt [3]{-1} x\right ) \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}} \, dx}{6 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}-\frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {x^{7/3}}{\left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1} x\right ) \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}} \, dx}{6 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}+\frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {x^{7/3}}{\left (-1-(-1)^{2/3} x\right ) \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}} \, dx}{6 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}-\frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {x^{7/3}}{\left (1-(-1)^{2/3} x\right ) \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}} \, dx}{6 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}\\ &=-2 \frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {x^{7/3}}{\left (1-x^2\right ) \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}} \, dx}{6 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}-2 \frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {x^{7/3}}{\sqrt [3]{1+x^2} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1} x^2\right )} \, dx}{6 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}-2 \frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {x^{7/3}}{\sqrt [3]{1+x^2} \left (1-(-1)^{2/3} x^2\right )} \, dx}{6 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}\\ &=-2 \frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^9}{\left (1-x^6\right ) \sqrt [3]{1+x^6}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [3]{x}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}-2 \frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^9}{\sqrt [3]{1+x^6} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1} x^6\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt [3]{x}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}-2 \frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^9}{\sqrt [3]{1+x^6} \left (1-(-1)^{2/3} x^6\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt [3]{x}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}\\ &=-2 \frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^4}{\left (1-x^3\right ) \sqrt [3]{1+x^3}} \, dx,x,x^{2/3}\right )}{4 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}-2 \frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^4}{\sqrt [3]{1+x^3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1} x^3\right )} \, dx,x,x^{2/3}\right )}{4 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}-2 \frac {\left (x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+x^2}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^4}{\sqrt [3]{1+x^3} \left (1-(-1)^{2/3} x^3\right )} \, dx,x,x^{2/3}\right )}{4 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}\\ &=-\frac {x^4 \sqrt [3]{1+x^2} F_1\left (\frac {5}{3};\frac {1}{3},1;\frac {8}{3};-x^2,-\sqrt [3]{-1} x^2\right )}{10 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}-\frac {x^4 \sqrt [3]{1+x^2} F_1\left (\frac {5}{3};\frac {1}{3},1;\frac {8}{3};-x^2,(-1)^{2/3} x^2\right )}{10 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}-\frac {x^4 \sqrt [3]{1+x^2} F_1\left (\frac {5}{3};1,\frac {1}{3};\frac {8}{3};x^2,-x^2\right )}{10 \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [F] time = 1.34, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^3}{\sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4} \left (-1+x^6\right )} \, dx \end {gather*}
Verification is not applicable to the result.
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IntegrateAlgebraic [A] time = 0.93, size = 360, normalized size = 1.01 \begin {gather*} \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x^2}{x^2+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (x^2+x^4\right )^{2/3}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\frac {x^2}{\sqrt {3}}+\frac {2 \left (x^2+x^4\right )^{2/3}}{\sqrt {3}}}{x^2}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{6} \log \left (-x+\sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}\right )-\frac {1}{6} \log \left (x+\sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}\right )+\frac {\log \left (-2 x+2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}\right )}{12 \sqrt [3]{2}}+\frac {\log \left (2 x+2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}\right )}{12 \sqrt [3]{2}}+\frac {1}{12} \log \left (x^2-x \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}+\left (x^2+x^4\right )^{2/3}\right )+\frac {1}{12} \log \left (x^2+x \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}+\left (x^2+x^4\right )^{2/3}\right )-\frac {\log \left (-2 x^2+2^{2/3} x \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}-\sqrt [3]{2} \left (x^2+x^4\right )^{2/3}\right )}{24 \sqrt [3]{2}}-\frac {\log \left (2 x^2+2^{2/3} x \sqrt [3]{x^2+x^4}+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (x^2+x^4\right )^{2/3}\right )}{24 \sqrt [3]{2}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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fricas [A] time = 3.23, size = 418, normalized size = 1.17 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{72} \, \sqrt {6} 2^{\frac {1}{6}} \arctan \left (\frac {2^{\frac {1}{6}} {\left (24 \, \sqrt {6} 2^{\frac {2}{3}} {\left (x^{8} + 2 \, x^{6} - 6 \, x^{4} + 2 \, x^{2} + 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} + \sqrt {6} 2^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (x^{12} - 42 \, x^{10} - 417 \, x^{8} - 812 \, x^{6} - 417 \, x^{4} - 42 \, x^{2} + 1\right )} - 12 \, \sqrt {6} {\left (x^{10} + 33 \, x^{8} + 110 \, x^{6} + 110 \, x^{4} + 33 \, x^{2} + 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{6 \, {\left (x^{12} + 102 \, x^{10} + 447 \, x^{8} + 628 \, x^{6} + 447 \, x^{4} + 102 \, x^{2} + 1\right )}}\right ) - \frac {1}{144} \cdot 2^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left (\frac {12 \cdot 2^{\frac {2}{3}} {\left (x^{4} + 4 \, x^{2} + 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} + 2^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (x^{8} + 32 \, x^{6} + 78 \, x^{4} + 32 \, x^{2} + 1\right )} + 6 \, {\left (x^{6} + 11 \, x^{4} + 11 \, x^{2} + 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x^{8} - 4 \, x^{6} + 6 \, x^{4} - 4 \, x^{2} + 1}\right ) + \frac {1}{72} \cdot 2^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left (-\frac {2^{\frac {2}{3}} {\left (x^{4} - 2 \, x^{2} + 1\right )} - 6 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (x^{2} + 1\right )} + 12 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{4} - 2 \, x^{2} + 1}\right ) - \frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (x^{2} + 1\right )} + 2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{3 \, {\left (x^{2} + 1\right )}}\right ) - \frac {1}{12} \, \log \left (\frac {x^{4} + x^{2} - 3 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (x^{2} + 1\right )} + 3 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} + 1}{x^{4} + x^{2} + 1}\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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giac [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^{3}}{{\left (x^{6} - 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}\,{d x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maple [C] time = 59.64, size = 2401, normalized size = 6.74
method | result | size |
trager | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(2401\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maxima [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^{3}}{{\left (x^{6} - 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}\,{d x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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mupad [F] time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^3}{{\left (x^4+x^2\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (x^6-1\right )} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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sympy [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^{3}}{\sqrt [3]{x^{2} \left (x^{2} + 1\right )} \left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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