Optimal. Leaf size=18 \[ \frac {1}{2} \sinh ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+2 x^2}{\sqrt {3}}\right ) \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.01, antiderivative size = 18, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 3, number of rules used = 3, integrand size = 14, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.214, Rules used = {1121, 633, 221}
\begin {gather*} \frac {1}{2} \sinh ^{-1}\left (\frac {2 x^2+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 221
Rule 633
Rule 1121
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {x}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx &=\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1+x+x^2}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1+\frac {x^2}{3}}} \, dx,x,1+2 x^2\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}\\ &=\frac {1}{2} \sinh ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+2 x^2}{\sqrt {3}}\right )\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.05, size = 26, normalized size = 1.44 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{2} \log \left (-1-2 x^2+2 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.08, size = 14, normalized size = 0.78
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\arcsinh \left (\frac {2 \sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{2}+\frac {1}{2}\right )}{3}\right )}{2}\) | \(14\) |
elliptic | \(\frac {\arcsinh \left (\frac {2 \sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{2}+\frac {1}{2}\right )}{3}\right )}{2}\) | \(14\) |
trager | \(-\frac {\ln \left (-2 x^{2}+2 \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}-1\right )}{2}\) | \(23\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 0.77, size = 22, normalized size = 1.22 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{2} \, \log \left (-2 \, x^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {x^{4} + x^{2} + 1} - 1\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x}{\sqrt {\left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right )}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A]
time = 0.48, size = 22, normalized size = 1.22 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{2} \, \log \left (-2 \, x^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {x^{4} + x^{2} + 1} - 1\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 0.36, size = 18, normalized size = 1.00 \begin {gather*} \frac {\ln \left (\sqrt {x^4+x^2+1}+x^2+\frac {1}{2}\right )}{2} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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