Optimal. Leaf size=415 \[ \frac {(-1)^{2/3} \left ((-2)^{2/3}-2\ 3^{2/3}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}+2 x}{\sqrt {6 \left (4+3 \sqrt [3]{-2} 3^{2/3}\right )}}\right )}{216 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{5/6} \sqrt {8+9 i \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [6]{3}+3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}}-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \left (\sqrt [3]{-3}+3 \sqrt [3]{2}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{2} \left (3 \sqrt [3]{-3}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{\sqrt {3 \left (4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}\right )}}\right )}{216 \sqrt [6]{6} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2 \sqrt {4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}}}-\frac {\left (1-\sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{2} \left (3 \sqrt [3]{3}+\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{\sqrt {3 \left (-4+3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}\right )}}\right )}{216 \sqrt [6]{2} 3^{5/6} \sqrt {-4+3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}}+\frac {\log (x)}{216}-\frac {\left (36+2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )\right ) \log \left (6-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x+x^2\right )}{46656}-\frac {\left (18-(-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right ) \log \left (6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}{23328}-\frac {\left (18-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right ) \log \left (6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}{23328} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.90, antiderivative size = 415, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 14, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 26, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.231, Rules used = {2122, 648,
632, 210, 642, 212} \begin {gather*} \frac {(-1)^{2/3} \left ((-2)^{2/3}-2\ 3^{2/3}\right ) \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {2 x+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}}{\sqrt {6 \left (4+3 \sqrt [3]{-2} 3^{2/3}\right )}}\right )}{216 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{5/6} \sqrt {8+9 i \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [6]{3}+3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}}-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \left (\sqrt [3]{-3}+3 \sqrt [3]{2}\right ) \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{2} \left (3 \sqrt [3]{-3}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{\sqrt {3 \left (4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}\right )}}\right )}{216 \sqrt [6]{6} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2 \sqrt {4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}}}-\frac {\left (36+2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )\right ) \log \left (x^2-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x+6\right )}{46656}-\frac {\left (18-(-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right ) \log \left (x^2+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+6\right )}{23328}-\frac {\left (18-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right ) \log \left (x^2+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+6\right )}{23328}+\frac {\log (x)}{216}-\frac {\left (1-\sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{2} \left (\sqrt [3]{2} x+3 \sqrt [3]{3}\right )}{\sqrt {3 \left (3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}-4\right )}}\right )}{216 \sqrt [6]{2} 3^{5/6} \sqrt {3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}-4}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 210
Rule 212
Rule 632
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rule 2122
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{x \left (216+108 x^2+324 x^3+18 x^4+x^6\right )} \, dx &=1259712 \int \left (\frac {1}{272097792 x}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \left (6 \left (9+\sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3}\right )-\left (1-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}\right ) x\right )}{816293376 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2 \left (6-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x+x^2\right )}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \left (-6 \left (9-(-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right )+\left (1+3 \sqrt [3]{-2} 3^{2/3}\right ) x\right )}{816293376 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (1-\sqrt [3]{-1}\right ) \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2 \left (6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}+\frac {-6 \sqrt [3]{6} \left (9 \sqrt [3]{2}-2 \sqrt [3]{3}\right )-\left (18-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right ) x}{14693280768 \left (6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}\right ) \, dx\\ &=\frac {\log (x)}{216}+\frac {\int \frac {-6 \sqrt [3]{6} \left (9 \sqrt [3]{2}-2 \sqrt [3]{3}\right )-\left (18-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right ) x}{6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2} \, dx}{11664}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \int \frac {-6 \left (9-(-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right )+\left (1+3 \sqrt [3]{-2} 3^{2/3}\right ) x}{6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2} \, dx}{1944 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \int \frac {6 \left (9+\sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3}\right )-\left (1-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}\right ) x}{6-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x+x^2} \, dx}{648 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2}\\ &=\frac {\log (x)}{216}+\frac {\left (\left (-\frac {1}{6}\right )^{2/3} \left (\sqrt [3]{-3}+3 \sqrt [3]{2}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{6-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x+x^2} \, dx}{72 \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2}+\frac {\left ((-1)^{2/3} \left (-1+3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}\right )\right ) \int \frac {-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3}+2 x}{6-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x+x^2} \, dx}{1296 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2}+\frac {\left (-18+(-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right ) \int \frac {3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}+2 x}{6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2} \, dx}{23328}+\frac {\left (-18+2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right ) \int \frac {3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}+2 x}{6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2} \, dx}{23328}+\frac {\left ((-1)^{2/3} \left ((-2)^{2/3}-2\ 3^{2/3}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2} \, dx}{432 \sqrt [3]{6}}+\frac {\left (1-\sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2} \, dx}{216\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}}\\ &=\frac {\log (x)}{216}-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \left (1-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}\right ) \log \left (6-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x+x^2\right )}{1296 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2}-\frac {\left (18-(-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right ) \log \left (6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}{23328}-\frac {\left (18-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right ) \log \left (6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}{23328}-\frac {\left (\left (-\frac {1}{6}\right )^{2/3} \left (\sqrt [3]{-3}+3 \sqrt [3]{2}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-6 \left (4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}\right )-x^2} \, dx,x,-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3}+2 x\right )}{36 \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2}-\frac {\left ((-1)^{2/3} \left ((-2)^{2/3}-2\ 3^{2/3}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-6 \left (4+3 \sqrt [3]{-2} 3^{2/3}\right )-x^2} \, dx,x,3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}+2 x\right )}{216 \sqrt [3]{6}}-\frac {\left (1-\sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-6 \left (4-3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}\right )-x^2} \, dx,x,3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}+2 x\right )}{108\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}}\\ &=\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \left ((-2)^{2/3}-2\ 3^{2/3}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}+2 x}{\sqrt {6 \left (4+3 \sqrt [3]{-2} 3^{2/3}\right )}}\right )}{216\ 6^{5/6} \sqrt {4+3 \sqrt [3]{-2} 3^{2/3}}}-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \left (\sqrt [3]{-3}+3 \sqrt [3]{2}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{2} \left (3 \sqrt [3]{-3}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{\sqrt {3 \left (4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}\right )}}\right )}{216 \sqrt [6]{6} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2 \sqrt {4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}}}-\frac {\left (1-\sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{2} \left (3 \sqrt [3]{3}+\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{\sqrt {3 \left (-4+3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}\right )}}\right )}{216 \sqrt [6]{2} 3^{5/6} \sqrt {-4+3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}}+\frac {\log (x)}{216}-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \left (1-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}\right ) \log \left (6-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x+x^2\right )}{1296 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2}-\frac {\left (18-(-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right ) \log \left (6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}{23328}-\frac {\left (18-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}\right ) \log \left (6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}{23328}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3 in
optimal.
time = 0.01, size = 103, normalized size = 0.25 \begin {gather*} \frac {\log (x)}{216}-\frac {\text {RootSum}\left [216+108 \text {$\#$1}^2+324 \text {$\#$1}^3+18 \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^6\&,\frac {108 \log (x-\text {$\#$1})+324 \log (x-\text {$\#$1}) \text {$\#$1}+18 \log (x-\text {$\#$1}) \text {$\#$1}^2+\log (x-\text {$\#$1}) \text {$\#$1}^4}{36+162 \text {$\#$1}+12 \text {$\#$1}^2+\text {$\#$1}^4}\&\right ]}{1296} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order
3.
time = 0.04, size = 75, normalized size = 0.18
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (136728 \textit {\_Z}^{6}+1230552 \textit {\_Z}^{5}+3682908 \textit {\_Z}^{4}+3630708 \textit {\_Z}^{3}-81810 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+486 \textit {\_Z} -1\right )}{\sum }\textit {\_R} \ln \left (-23672342955240 \textit {\_R}^{5}-213056277916248 \textit {\_R}^{4}-637689647288592 \textit {\_R}^{3}-628763677061560 \textit {\_R}^{2}+14004611129596 \textit {\_R} +2499731391 x -55133083786\right )\right )}{1944}+\frac {\ln \left (x \right )}{216}\) | \(73\) |
default | \(-\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}+18 \textit {\_Z}^{4}+324 \textit {\_Z}^{3}+108 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+216\right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (\textit {\_R}^{5}+18 \textit {\_R}^{3}+324 \textit {\_R}^{2}+108 \textit {\_R} \right ) \ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{5}+12 \textit {\_R}^{3}+162 \textit {\_R}^{2}+36 \textit {\_R}}\right )}{1296}+\frac {\ln \left (x \right )}{216}\) | \(75\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F(-1)] Timed out
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [A]
time = 0.55, size = 82, normalized size = 0.20 \begin {gather*} \frac {\log {\left (x \right )}}{216} + \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (7379637425677839491923968 t^{6} + 34164988081841849499648 t^{5} + 52598809250685370368 t^{4} + 26673506015311872 t^{3} - 309171116160 t^{2} + 944784 t - 1, \left ( t \mapsto t \log {\left (\frac {8145570099668817936783362115119297360560128 t^{6}}{143425799309052440063} + \frac {977068766770806381087358257564745728 t^{5}}{143425799309052440063} - \frac {116529526608851264288400971539061538816 t^{4}}{143425799309052440063} - \frac {239359794985242202542501440710766592 t^{3}}{143425799309052440063} - \frac {136678312638137094439887341418240 t^{2}}{143425799309052440063} + \frac {1563115569067663795735413696 t}{143425799309052440063} + x - \frac {3164446315075236190044}{143425799309052440063} \right )} \right )\right )} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 2.33, size = 432, normalized size = 1.04 \begin {gather*} \frac {\ln \left (x\right )}{216}+\left (\sum _{k=1}^6\ln \left (\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+\frac {z^5}{216}+\frac {421\,z^4}{59066496}+\frac {100853\,z^3}{27902540178432}-\frac {505\,z^2}{12053897357082624}+\frac {z}{7810925487389540352}-\frac {1}{7379637425677839491923968},z,k\right )\,x\,7-{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+\frac {z^5}{216}+\frac {421\,z^4}{59066496}+\frac {100853\,z^3}{27902540178432}-\frac {505\,z^2}{12053897357082624}+\frac {z}{7810925487389540352}-\frac {1}{7379637425677839491923968},z,k\right )}^2\,x\,5670000+{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+\frac {z^5}{216}+\frac {421\,z^4}{59066496}+\frac {100853\,z^3}{27902540178432}-\frac {505\,z^2}{12053897357082624}+\frac {z}{7810925487389540352}-\frac {1}{7379637425677839491923968},z,k\right )}^3\,x\,1546875947520-{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+\frac {z^5}{216}+\frac {421\,z^4}{59066496}+\frac {100853\,z^3}{27902540178432}-\frac {505\,z^2}{12053897357082624}+\frac {z}{7810925487389540352}-\frac {1}{7379637425677839491923968},z,k\right )}^4\,x\,106961147905609728-{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+\frac {z^5}{216}+\frac {421\,z^4}{59066496}+\frac {100853\,z^3}{27902540178432}-\frac {505\,z^2}{12053897357082624}+\frac {z}{7810925487389540352}-\frac {1}{7379637425677839491923968},z,k\right )}^5\,x\,140511995854134018048-{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+\frac {z^5}{216}+\frac {421\,z^4}{59066496}+\frac {100853\,z^3}{27902540178432}-\frac {505\,z^2}{12053897357082624}+\frac {z}{7810925487389540352}-\frac {1}{7379637425677839491923968},z,k\right )}^6\,x\,45607290567387619000320+839808\,{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+\frac {z^5}{216}+\frac {421\,z^4}{59066496}+\frac {100853\,z^3}{27902540178432}-\frac {505\,z^2}{12053897357082624}+\frac {z}{7810925487389540352}-\frac {1}{7379637425677839491923968},z,k\right )}^2+594896472576\,{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+\frac {z^5}{216}+\frac {421\,z^4}{59066496}+\frac {100853\,z^3}{27902540178432}-\frac {505\,z^2}{12053897357082624}+\frac {z}{7810925487389540352}-\frac {1}{7379637425677839491923968},z,k\right )}^3-8483430130458624\,{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+\frac {z^5}{216}+\frac {421\,z^4}{59066496}+\frac {100853\,z^3}{27902540178432}-\frac {505\,z^2}{12053897357082624}+\frac {z}{7810925487389540352}-\frac {1}{7379637425677839491923968},z,k\right )}^4-3831425535283494912\,{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+\frac {z^5}{216}+\frac {421\,z^4}{59066496}+\frac {100853\,z^3}{27902540178432}-\frac {505\,z^2}{12053897357082624}+\frac {z}{7810925487389540352}-\frac {1}{7379637425677839491923968},z,k\right )}^5+1217393817906599165952\,{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+\frac {z^5}{216}+\frac {421\,z^4}{59066496}+\frac {100853\,z^3}{27902540178432}-\frac {505\,z^2}{12053897357082624}+\frac {z}{7810925487389540352}-\frac {1}{7379637425677839491923968},z,k\right )}^6\right )\,\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+\frac {z^5}{216}+\frac {421\,z^4}{59066496}+\frac {100853\,z^3}{27902540178432}-\frac {505\,z^2}{12053897357082624}+\frac {z}{7810925487389540352}-\frac {1}{7379637425677839491923968},z,k\right )\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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