Optimal. Leaf size=49 \[ \frac {1}{2} \tan ^{-1}(x)+\frac {\sqrt {a x^6} \tan ^{-1}(x)}{2 x^3}+\frac {1}{2} \tanh ^{-1}(x)-\frac {\sqrt {a x^6} \tanh ^{-1}(x)}{2 x^3} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.01, antiderivative size = 49, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 9, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 30, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.200, Rules used = {218, 212, 209,
15, 1598, 304} \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt {a x^6} \text {ArcTan}(x)}{2 x^3}-\frac {\sqrt {a x^6} \tanh ^{-1}(x)}{2 x^3}+\frac {\text {ArcTan}(x)}{2}+\frac {1}{2} \tanh ^{-1}(x) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 15
Rule 209
Rule 212
Rule 218
Rule 304
Rule 1598
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \left (\frac {1}{1-x^4}-\frac {\sqrt {a x^6}}{x-x^5}\right ) \, dx &=\int \frac {1}{1-x^4} \, dx-\int \frac {\sqrt {a x^6}}{x-x^5} \, dx\\ &=\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{1-x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx-\frac {\sqrt {a x^6} \int \frac {x^3}{x-x^5} \, dx}{x^3}\\ &=\frac {1}{2} \tan ^{-1}(x)+\frac {1}{2} \tanh ^{-1}(x)-\frac {\sqrt {a x^6} \int \frac {x^2}{1-x^4} \, dx}{x^3}\\ &=\frac {1}{2} \tan ^{-1}(x)+\frac {1}{2} \tanh ^{-1}(x)-\frac {\sqrt {a x^6} \int \frac {1}{1-x^2} \, dx}{2 x^3}+\frac {\sqrt {a x^6} \int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx}{2 x^3}\\ &=\frac {1}{2} \tan ^{-1}(x)+\frac {\sqrt {a x^6} \tan ^{-1}(x)}{2 x^3}+\frac {1}{2} \tanh ^{-1}(x)-\frac {\sqrt {a x^6} \tanh ^{-1}(x)}{2 x^3}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.00, size = 42, normalized size = 0.86 \begin {gather*} \frac {\left (x^3+\sqrt {a x^6}\right ) \tan ^{-1}(x)+\left (x^3-\sqrt {a x^6}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}(x)}{2 x^3} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.22, size = 37, normalized size = 0.76
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\arctan \left (x \right )}{2}+\frac {\arctanh \left (x \right )}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {a \,x^{6}}\, \left (\ln \left (-1+x \right )-\ln \left (1+x \right )+2 \arctan \left (x \right )\right )}{4 x^{3}}\) | \(37\) |
meijerg | \(-\frac {x \left (\ln \left (1-\left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )-\ln \left (1+\left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )-2 \arctan \left (\left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )\right )}{4 \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}+\frac {\sqrt {a \,x^{6}}\, \left (\ln \left (1-\left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )-\ln \left (1+\left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )\right )}{4 \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}\) | \(82\) |
risch | \(\frac {i \ln \left (x +i\right ) x^{3}-i \ln \left (x -i\right ) x^{3}-\ln \left (-1+x \right ) x^{3}+\ln \left (1+x \right ) x^{3}+i \sqrt {a \,x^{6}}\, \ln \left (x +i\right )-i \sqrt {a \,x^{6}}\, \ln \left (x -i\right )+\sqrt {a \,x^{6}}\, \ln \left (-1+x \right )-\sqrt {a \,x^{6}}\, \ln \left (1+x \right )}{4 x^{3}}\) | \(101\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [A]
time = 0.66, size = 42, normalized size = 0.86 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {a} \arctan \left (x\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {a} \log \left (x + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {a} \log \left (x - 1\right ) + \frac {1}{2} \, \arctan \left (x\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left (x + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left (x - 1\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 118 vs.
\(2 (37) = 74\).
time = 0.34, size = 256, normalized size = 5.22 \begin {gather*} \left [\frac {x^{3} \sqrt {-\frac {{\left (a + 1\right )} x^{3} + 2 \, \sqrt {a x^{6}}}{x^{3}}} \log \left (\frac {{\left (a - 1\right )} x^{4} - {\left (a - 1\right )} x^{2} - 2 \, {\left (x^{3} - \sqrt {a x^{6}}\right )} \sqrt {-\frac {{\left (a + 1\right )} x^{3} + 2 \, \sqrt {a x^{6}}}{x^{3}}}}{x^{4} + x^{2}}\right ) + x^{3} \log \left (x + 1\right ) - x^{3} \log \left (x - 1\right ) - \sqrt {a x^{6}} {\left (\log \left (x + 1\right ) - \log \left (x - 1\right )\right )}}{4 \, x^{3}}, \frac {2 \, x^{3} \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a + 1\right )} x^{3} + 2 \, \sqrt {a x^{6}}}{x^{3}}} \arctan \left (-\frac {{\left (x^{3} - \sqrt {a x^{6}}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a + 1\right )} x^{3} + 2 \, \sqrt {a x^{6}}}{x^{3}}}}{{\left (a - 1\right )} x^{2}}\right ) + x^{3} \log \left (x + 1\right ) - x^{3} \log \left (x - 1\right ) - \sqrt {a x^{6}} {\left (\log \left (x + 1\right ) - \log \left (x - 1\right )\right )}}{4 \, x^{3}}\right ] \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} - \int \frac {x}{x^{5} - x}\, dx - \int \left (- \frac {\sqrt {a x^{6}}}{x^{5} - x}\right )\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A]
time = 3.57, size = 48, normalized size = 0.98 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{4} \, {\left (2 \, \arctan \left (x\right ) \mathrm {sgn}\left (x\right ) - \log \left ({\left | x + 1 \right |}\right ) \mathrm {sgn}\left (x\right ) + \log \left ({\left | x - 1 \right |}\right ) \mathrm {sgn}\left (x\right )\right )} \sqrt {a} + \frac {1}{2} \, \arctan \left (x\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left ({\left | x + 1 \right |}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left ({\left | x - 1 \right |}\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.02 \begin {gather*} \int -\frac {1}{x^4-1}-\frac {\sqrt {a\,x^6}}{x-x^5} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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