Optimal. Leaf size=56 \[ -\frac {a \left (x-\sqrt {a+x^2}\right )^{-1+n}}{2 (1-n)}+\frac {\left (x-\sqrt {a+x^2}\right )^{1+n}}{2 (1+n)} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.02, antiderivative size = 56, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 3, number of rules used = 2, integrand size = 15, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.133, Rules used = {2142, 14}
\begin {gather*} \frac {\left (x-\sqrt {a+x^2}\right )^{n+1}}{2 (n+1)}-\frac {a \left (x-\sqrt {a+x^2}\right )^{n-1}}{2 (1-n)} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 14
Rule 2142
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \left (x-\sqrt {a+x^2}\right )^n \, dx &=\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int x^{-2+n} \left (a+x^2\right ) \, dx,x,x-\sqrt {a+x^2}\right )\\ &=\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \left (a x^{-2+n}+x^n\right ) \, dx,x,x-\sqrt {a+x^2}\right )\\ &=-\frac {a \left (x-\sqrt {a+x^2}\right )^{-1+n}}{2 (1-n)}+\frac {\left (x-\sqrt {a+x^2}\right )^{1+n}}{2 (1+n)}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.14, size = 50, normalized size = 0.89 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{2} \left (x-\sqrt {a+x^2}\right )^{-1+n} \left (\frac {a}{-1+n}+\frac {\left (x-\sqrt {a+x^2}\right )^2}{1+n}\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [F]
time = 0.02, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[\int \left (x -\sqrt {x^{2}+a}\right )^{n}\, dx\]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 0.36, size = 33, normalized size = 0.59 \begin {gather*} -\frac {{\left (\sqrt {x^{2} + a} n + x\right )} {\left (x - \sqrt {x^{2} + a}\right )}^{n}}{n^{2} - 1} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \left (x - \sqrt {a + x^{2}}\right )^{n}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.02 \begin {gather*} \int {\left (x-\sqrt {x^2+a}\right )}^n \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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