Optimal. Leaf size=85 \[ \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\frac {3}{4} \text {RootSum}\left [1-\text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\& ,\frac {-\log (x) \text {$\#$1}^3+\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right ) \text {$\#$1}^3}{-1+2 \text {$\#$1}^4}\& \right ] \]
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Rubi [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 0.47, antiderivative size = 341, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.01, number of steps
used = 26, number of rules used = 11, integrand size = 32, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.344, Rules used = {6860, 246,
218, 212, 209, 21, 1442, 399, 385, 214, 211} \begin {gather*} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )+\frac {i \sqrt {3} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+i}{\sqrt {3}+i}} \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )}{2 \left (-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+i}{\sqrt {3}+i}\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {1}{2} i \sqrt {3} \left (-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+i}{\sqrt {3}+i}\right )^{3/4} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+i}{\sqrt {3}+i}} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )+\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )+\frac {i \sqrt {3} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+i}{\sqrt {3}+i}} \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )}{2 \left (-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+i}{\sqrt {3}+i}\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {1}{2} i \sqrt {3} \left (-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+i}{\sqrt {3}+i}\right )^{3/4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+i}{\sqrt {3}+i}} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 21
Rule 209
Rule 211
Rule 212
Rule 214
Rule 218
Rule 246
Rule 385
Rule 399
Rule 1442
Rule 6860
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {-1+x^4+2 x^8}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (1-x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx &=\int \left (\frac {2}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}-\frac {3 \left (1-x^4\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (1-x^4+x^8\right )}\right ) \, dx\\ &=2 \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}} \, dx-3 \int \frac {1-x^4}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (1-x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx\\ &=2 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+3 \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4}}{1-x^4+x^8} \, dx\\ &=-\left (\left (2 i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4}}{-1-i \sqrt {3}+2 x^4} \, dx\right )+\left (2 i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4}}{-1+i \sqrt {3}+2 x^4} \, dx+\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )\\ &=\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )-\left (-3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (-1+i \sqrt {3}+2 x^4\right )} \, dx+\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (-1-i \sqrt {3}+2 x^4\right )} \, dx\\ &=\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )-\left (-3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1+i \sqrt {3}-\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-i \sqrt {3}-\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )\\ &=\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )-\frac {\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-i+\sqrt {3}}-\sqrt {i+\sqrt {3}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {1}{3} \left (-i+\sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-i+\sqrt {3}}+\sqrt {i+\sqrt {3}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {1}{3} \left (-i+\sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {i+\sqrt {3}}-\sqrt {-i+\sqrt {3}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {1}{3} \left (i+\sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {i+\sqrt {3}}+\sqrt {-i+\sqrt {3}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {1}{3} \left (i+\sqrt {3}\right )}}\\ &=\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )-\frac {\left (3 i-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-\frac {i-\sqrt {3}}{i+\sqrt {3}}} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-\frac {i-\sqrt {3}}{i+\sqrt {3}}} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \left (i-\sqrt {3}\right )}-\frac {1}{2} i \sqrt {3} \left (-\frac {i-\sqrt {3}}{i+\sqrt {3}}\right )^{3/4} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-\frac {i-\sqrt {3}}{i+\sqrt {3}}} x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )-\frac {\left (3 i-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-\frac {i-\sqrt {3}}{i+\sqrt {3}}} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-\frac {i-\sqrt {3}}{i+\sqrt {3}}} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \left (i-\sqrt {3}\right )}-\frac {1}{2} i \sqrt {3} \left (-\frac {i-\sqrt {3}}{i+\sqrt {3}}\right )^{3/4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-\frac {i-\sqrt {3}}{i+\sqrt {3}}} x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.21, size = 85, normalized size = 1.00 \begin {gather*} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\frac {3}{4} \text {RootSum}\left [1-\text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {-\log (x) \text {$\#$1}^3+\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right ) \text {$\#$1}^3}{-1+2 \text {$\#$1}^4}\&\right ] \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order
1.
time = 3.69, size = 472, normalized size = 5.55
method | result | size |
trager | \(\frac {\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) \ln \left (-2 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) \sqrt {x^{4}-1}\, x^{2}+2 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x^{4}+2 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x -2 x^{3} \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}-\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )\right )}{2}-\frac {\ln \left (2 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x -2 x^{2} \sqrt {x^{4}-1}+2 x^{3} \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}-2 x^{4}+1\right )}{2}+\frac {\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )\right ) \ln \left (-\frac {6 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{7}-5 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )\right ) x^{8}+6 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{5}+6 \sqrt {x^{4}-1}\, \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )\right ) \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x^{2}-12 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3}+5 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )\right ) x^{4}+6 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x +\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )\right )}{x^{8}-x^{4}+1}\right )}{4}+\frac {\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )\right ) \ln \left (\frac {5 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )\right ) \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x^{8}+6 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{7}-6 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{5}-5 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )\right ) \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x^{4}-12 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3}-6 \sqrt {x^{4}-1}\, \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )\right ) x^{2}-6 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x -\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )\right )}{x^{8}-x^{4}+1}\right )}{4}\) | \(472\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 3 vs. order
1.
time = 0.52, size = 565, normalized size = 6.65 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {3 \, x^{5} + \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {x^{4} - 1} x^{3} - \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{4} - 3\right )} + {\left (2 \, \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{4} + 4 \, x^{5} + 3 \, \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{2} + 6 \, \sqrt {x^{4} - 1} x^{3}\right )} \sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} - 2 \, x^{4} + \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x - 3 \, \sqrt {x^{4} - 1} x^{2} + 1}{x^{4}}} - 3 \, x}{5 \, x^{5} - 9 \, x}\right ) - \frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (-\frac {3 \, x^{5} - \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {x^{4} - 1} x^{3} + \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{4} - 3\right )} - {\left (2 \, \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{4} - 4 \, x^{5} + 3 \, \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{2} - 6 \, \sqrt {x^{4} - 1} x^{3}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} + 2 \, x^{4} + \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x + 3 \, \sqrt {x^{4} - 1} x^{2} - 1}{x^{4}}} - 3 \, x}{5 \, x^{5} - 9 \, x}\right ) - \frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} \log \left (\frac {9 \, {\left (\sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} + 2 \, x^{4} + \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x + 3 \, \sqrt {x^{4} - 1} x^{2} - 1\right )}}{x^{4}}\right ) + \frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} \log \left (-\frac {9 \, {\left (\sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} - 2 \, x^{4} + \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x - 3 \, \sqrt {x^{4} - 1} x^{2} + 1\right )}}{x^{4}}\right ) - \arctan \left (\frac {{\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) + \frac {1}{2} \, \log \left (\frac {x + {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) - \frac {1}{2} \, \log \left (-\frac {x - {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\left (x^{4} + 1\right ) \left (2 x^{4} - 1\right )}{\sqrt [4]{\left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + 1\right )} \left (x^{8} - x^{4} + 1\right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.01 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {2\,x^8+x^4-1}{{\left (x^4-1\right )}^{1/4}\,\left (x^8-x^4+1\right )} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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