Optimal. Leaf size=106 \[ -\frac {1}{2} \text {RootSum}\left [2 a^2+b-3 a \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\& ,\frac {2 a \log (x)-2 a \log \left (\sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right )-\log (x) \text {$\#$1}^4+\log \left (\sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right ) \text {$\#$1}^4}{3 a \text {$\#$1}-2 \text {$\#$1}^5}\& \right ] \]
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Rubi [B] Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(631\) vs. \(2(106)=212\).
time = 1.12, antiderivative size = 631, normalized size of antiderivative = 5.95, number of steps
used = 12, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 38, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.184, Rules used = {2081, 6847,
6860, 385, 218, 214, 211} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (a-\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt [4]{a x^2+b} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+a^2+2 b}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^2+b}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+a^2+2 b} \sqrt [4]{a x^4+b x^2}}-\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}+a\right ) \sqrt [4]{a x^2+b} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+a^2+2 b}}{\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}+a} \sqrt [4]{a x^2+b}}\right )}{\left (\sqrt {a^2-4 b}+a\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+a^2+2 b} \sqrt [4]{a x^4+b x^2}}-\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (a-\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt [4]{a x^2+b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+a^2+2 b}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^2+b}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+a^2+2 b} \sqrt [4]{a x^4+b x^2}}-\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}+a\right ) \sqrt [4]{a x^2+b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+a^2+2 b}}{\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}+a} \sqrt [4]{a x^2+b}}\right )}{\left (\sqrt {a^2-4 b}+a\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+a^2+2 b} \sqrt [4]{a x^4+b x^2}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 211
Rule 214
Rule 218
Rule 385
Rule 2081
Rule 6847
Rule 6860
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {-b+a x^2}{\left (b-a x^2+x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx &=\frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}\right ) \int \frac {-b+a x^2}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2} \left (b-a x^2+x^4\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}\\ &=\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-b+a x^4}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (b-a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}\\ &=\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \left (\frac {a+\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}}{\left (-a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}+\frac {a-\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}}{\left (-a+\sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right ) \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}\\ &=\frac {\left (2 \left (a-\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (-a+\sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {\left (2 \left (a+\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (-a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}\\ &=\frac {\left (2 \left (a-\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-a+\sqrt {a^2-4 b}-\left (a \left (-a+\sqrt {a^2-4 b}\right )-2 b\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {\left (2 \left (a+\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}-\left (a \left (-a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}\right )-2 b\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (\left (a-\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}-\sqrt {a^2-a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 b} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}} \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (\left (a-\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}+\sqrt {a^2-a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 b} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}} \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (\left (a+\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}-\sqrt {a^2+a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 b} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2-4 b}} \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (\left (a+\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}+\sqrt {a^2+a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 b} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2-4 b}} \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (a-\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 b} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 b} \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (a+\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2+a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 b} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a+\sqrt {a^2-4 b}} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}}\right )}{\left (a+\sqrt {a^2-4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2+a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 b} \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (a-\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 b} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2-4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 b} \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (a+\frac {a^2-2 b}{\sqrt {a^2-4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2+a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 b} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a+\sqrt {a^2-4 b}} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}}\right )}{\left (a+\sqrt {a^2-4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2+a \sqrt {a^2-4 b}+2 b} \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.00, size = 138, normalized size = 1.30 \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2} \text {RootSum}\left [2 a^2+b-3 a \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {2 a \log (x)-4 a \log \left (\sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}-\sqrt {x} \text {$\#$1}\right )-\log (x) \text {$\#$1}^4+2 \log \left (\sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}-\sqrt {x} \text {$\#$1}\right ) \text {$\#$1}^4}{3 a \text {$\#$1}-2 \text {$\#$1}^5}\&\right ]}{4 \sqrt [4]{x^2 \left (b+a x^2\right )}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[\int \frac {a \,x^{2}-b}{\left (x^{4}-a \,x^{2}+b \right ) \left (a \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\, dx\]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F(-1)] Timed out
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {a x^{2} - b}{\sqrt [4]{x^{2} \left (a x^{2} + b\right )} \left (- a x^{2} + b + x^{4}\right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.01 \begin {gather*} \int -\frac {b-a\,x^2}{{\left (a\,x^4+b\,x^2\right )}^{1/4}\,\left (x^4-a\,x^2+b\right )} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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