Optimal. Leaf size=117 \[ -\frac {4 \left (3 b+4 a x^3\right ) \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{63 b x^6}+\frac {2}{3} a^{3/4} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{-b+a x^3}\right )+\frac {2}{3} a^{3/4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{-b+a x^3}\right ) \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.19, antiderivative size = 179, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.53, number of steps
used = 11, number of rules used = 10, integrand size = 27, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.370, Rules used = {2077, 2036,
335, 281, 246, 218, 212, 209, 2041, 2039} \begin {gather*} \frac {2 a^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{x} \sqrt [4]{a x^3-b} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x^{3/4}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^3-b}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x}}+\frac {2 a^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{x} \sqrt [4]{a x^3-b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x^{3/4}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^3-b}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x}}-\frac {4 \left (a x^4-b x\right )^{3/4}}{21 x^6}-\frac {16 a \left (a x^4-b x\right )^{3/4}}{63 b x^3} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 209
Rule 212
Rule 218
Rule 246
Rule 281
Rule 335
Rule 2036
Rule 2039
Rule 2041
Rule 2077
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {-b+a x^6}{x^6 \sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}} \, dx &=\int \left (\frac {a}{\sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}}-\frac {b}{x^6 \sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}}\right ) \, dx\\ &=a \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}} \, dx-b \int \frac {1}{x^6 \sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {4 \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{21 x^6}-\frac {1}{7} (4 a) \int \frac {1}{x^3 \sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}} \, dx+\frac {\left (a \sqrt [4]{x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}}\\ &=-\frac {4 \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{21 x^6}-\frac {16 a \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{63 b x^3}+\frac {\left (4 a \sqrt [4]{x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^{12}}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}}\\ &=-\frac {4 \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{21 x^6}-\frac {16 a \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{63 b x^3}+\frac {\left (4 a \sqrt [4]{x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4}} \, dx,x,x^{3/4}\right )}{3 \sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}}\\ &=-\frac {4 \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{21 x^6}-\frac {16 a \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{63 b x^3}+\frac {\left (4 a \sqrt [4]{x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-a x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x^{3/4}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}}\\ &=-\frac {4 \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{21 x^6}-\frac {16 a \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{63 b x^3}+\frac {\left (2 a \sqrt [4]{x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {a} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x^{3/4}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}}+\frac {\left (2 a \sqrt [4]{x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {a} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x^{3/4}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}}\\ &=-\frac {4 \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{21 x^6}-\frac {16 a \left (-b x+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{63 b x^3}+\frac {2 a^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x^{3/4}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}}+\frac {2 a^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x^{3/4}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 3 in
optimal.
time = 10.10, size = 84, normalized size = 0.72 \begin {gather*} \frac {4 \left (3 b^2+a b x^3-4 a^2 x^6+21 a b x^6 \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^3}{b}} \, _2F_1\left (\frac {1}{4},\frac {1}{4};\frac {5}{4};\frac {a x^3}{b}\right )\right )}{63 b x^5 \sqrt [4]{-b x+a x^4}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [F]
time = 0.01, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[\int \frac {a \,x^{6}-b}{x^{6} \left (a \,x^{4}-b x \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\, dx\]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F(-1)] Timed out
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {a x^{6} - b}{x^{6} \sqrt [4]{x \left (a x^{3} - b\right )}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 217 vs.
\(2 (97) = 194\).
time = 0.43, size = 217, normalized size = 1.85 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {2} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + 2 \, {\left (a - \frac {b}{x^{3}}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \left (-a\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) + \frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {2} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} - 2 \, {\left (a - \frac {b}{x^{3}}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \left (-a\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) - \frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {2} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \log \left (\sqrt {2} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (a - \frac {b}{x^{3}}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {-a} + \sqrt {a - \frac {b}{x^{3}}}\right ) + \frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {2} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (a - \frac {b}{x^{3}}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {-a} + \sqrt {a - \frac {b}{x^{3}}}\right ) + \frac {4 \, {\left (3 \, {\left (a - \frac {b}{x^{3}}\right )}^{\frac {7}{4}} b^{6} - 7 \, {\left (a - \frac {b}{x^{3}}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} a b^{6}\right )}}{63 \, b^{7}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 1.37, size = 73, normalized size = 0.62 \begin {gather*} \frac {4\,a\,x\,{\left (1-\frac {a\,x^3}{b}\right )}^{1/4}\,{{}}_2{\mathrm {F}}_1\left (\frac {1}{4},\frac {1}{4};\ \frac {5}{4};\ \frac {a\,x^3}{b}\right )}{3\,{\left (a\,x^4-b\,x\right )}^{1/4}}-\frac {4\,{\left (a\,x^4-b\,x\right )}^{3/4}\,\left (4\,a\,x^3+3\,b\right )}{63\,b\,x^6} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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