Optimal. Leaf size=187 \[ -\frac {3 \left (x^2+x^6\right )^{3/4}}{2 x \left (1+x^4\right )}-\frac {\text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}\right )}{8 \sqrt [4]{2}}+\frac {\text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {2^{3/4} x \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}{\sqrt {2} x^2-\sqrt {x^2+x^6}}\right )}{8\ 2^{3/4}}-\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}\right )}{8 \sqrt [4]{2}}-\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\frac {x^2}{\sqrt [4]{2}}+\frac {\sqrt {x^2+x^6}}{2^{3/4}}}{x \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}\right )}{8\ 2^{3/4}} \]
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Rubi [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 6 vs. order 3 in
optimal.
time = 0.33, antiderivative size = 99, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.53, number of steps
used = 10, number of rules used = 8, integrand size = 29, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.276, Rules used = {2081, 6847,
6857, 251, 1469, 541, 544, 440} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt [4]{x^4+1} x F_1\left (\frac {1}{8};1,\frac {1}{4};\frac {9}{8};x^4,-x^4\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x^6+x^2}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{x^4+1} x \, _2F_1\left (\frac {1}{8},\frac {1}{4};\frac {9}{8};-x^4\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{x^6+x^2}}-\frac {3 x}{2 \sqrt [4]{x^6+x^2}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 251
Rule 440
Rule 541
Rule 544
Rule 1469
Rule 2081
Rule 6847
Rule 6857
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1-x^4+x^8}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6} \left (-1+x^8\right )} \, dx &=\frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}\right ) \int \frac {1-x^4+x^8}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1+x^8\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}\\ &=\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1-x^8+x^{16}}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^8} \left (-1+x^{16}\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}\\ &=\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \left (\frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^8}}+\frac {2-x^8}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^8} \left (-1+x^{16}\right )}\right ) \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}\\ &=\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^8}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {2-x^8}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^8} \left (-1+x^{16}\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}\\ &=\frac {2 x \sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \, _2F_1\left (\frac {1}{8},\frac {1}{4};\frac {9}{8};-x^4\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {2-x^8}{\left (-1+x^8\right ) \left (1+x^8\right )^{5/4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}\\ &=-\frac {3 x}{2 \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}+\frac {2 x \sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \, _2F_1\left (\frac {1}{8},\frac {1}{4};\frac {9}{8};-x^4\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {5-3 x^8}{\left (-1+x^8\right ) \sqrt [4]{1+x^8}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}\\ &=-\frac {3 x}{2 \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}+\frac {2 x \sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \, _2F_1\left (\frac {1}{8},\frac {1}{4};\frac {9}{8};-x^4\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^8\right ) \sqrt [4]{1+x^8}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}-\frac {\left (3 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^8}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}\\ &=-\frac {3 x}{2 \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}-\frac {x \sqrt [4]{1+x^4} F_1\left (\frac {1}{8};1,\frac {1}{4};\frac {9}{8};x^4,-x^4\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}+\frac {x \sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \, _2F_1\left (\frac {1}{8},\frac {1}{4};\frac {9}{8};-x^4\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.00, size = 216, normalized size = 1.16 \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (24 \sqrt {x}+2^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )-\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {2^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{\sqrt {2} x-\sqrt {1+x^4}}\right )+2^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )+\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{2 x+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {1+x^4}}\right )\right )}{16 \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^6}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order
3.
time = 42.63, size = 648, normalized size = 3.47
method | result | size |
risch | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(648\) |
trager | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(654\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 1055 vs.
\(2 (144) = 288\).
time = 22.55, size = 1055, normalized size = 5.64 \begin {gather*} -\frac {4 \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{5} + x\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {4 \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2} + 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (2 \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {x^{6} + x^{2}} x + 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x\right )}\right )} + 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{2 \, {\left (x^{5} - 2 \, x^{3} + x\right )}}\right ) + 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{5} + x\right )} \log \left (-\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2} + 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x\right )} + 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x^{6} + x^{2}} x + 4 \, {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{x^{5} - 2 \, x^{3} + x}\right ) - 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{5} + x\right )} \log \left (-\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2} - 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x\right )} - 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x^{6} + x^{2}} x + 4 \, {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{x^{5} - 2 \, x^{3} + x}\right ) - 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{5} + x\right )} \arctan \left (-\frac {2 \, x^{9} + 8 \, x^{7} + 12 \, x^{5} + 8 \, x^{3} + 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{4} - 6 \, x^{2} + 1\right )} + 8 \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {x^{6} + x^{2}} {\left (x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x\right )} - \sqrt {2} {\left (32 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{2} + 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{9} - 16 \, x^{7} - 2 \, x^{5} - 16 \, x^{3} + x\right )} + 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x^{6} + x^{2}} {\left (x^{5} - 6 \, x^{3} + x\right )} + 8 \, {\left (x^{6} + 2 \, x^{4} + x^{2}\right )} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {4 \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2} + \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x\right )} + 8 \, \sqrt {x^{6} + x^{2}} x + 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x}} + 8 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (3 \, x^{6} - 2 \, x^{4} + 3 \, x^{2}\right )} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + 2 \, x}{2 \, {\left (x^{9} - 28 \, x^{7} + 6 \, x^{5} - 28 \, x^{3} + x\right )}}\right ) + 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{5} + x\right )} \arctan \left (-\frac {2 \, x^{9} + 8 \, x^{7} + 12 \, x^{5} + 8 \, x^{3} - 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{4} - 6 \, x^{2} + 1\right )} + 8 \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {x^{6} + x^{2}} {\left (x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x\right )} - \sqrt {2} {\left (32 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{2} - 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{9} - 16 \, x^{7} - 2 \, x^{5} - 16 \, x^{3} + x\right )} - 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x^{6} + x^{2}} {\left (x^{5} - 6 \, x^{3} + x\right )} + 8 \, {\left (x^{6} + 2 \, x^{4} + x^{2}\right )} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )} \sqrt {-\frac {4 \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2} - \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x\right )} - 8 \, \sqrt {x^{6} + x^{2}} x + 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x}} - 8 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (3 \, x^{6} - 2 \, x^{4} + 3 \, x^{2}\right )} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + 2 \, x}{2 \, {\left (x^{9} - 28 \, x^{7} + 6 \, x^{5} - 28 \, x^{3} + x\right )}}\right ) + 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{5} + x\right )} \log \left (\frac {8 \, {\left (4 \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2} + \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x\right )} + 8 \, \sqrt {x^{6} + x^{2}} x + 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}\right )}}{x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x}\right ) - 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{5} + x\right )} \log \left (-\frac {8 \, {\left (4 \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2} - \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x\right )} - 8 \, \sqrt {x^{6} + x^{2}} x + 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}\right )}}{x^{5} + 2 \, x^{3} + x}\right ) + 96 \, {\left (x^{6} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{64 \, {\left (x^{5} + x\right )}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^{8} - x^{4} + 1}{\sqrt [4]{x^{2} \left (x^{4} + 1\right )} \left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + 1\right ) \left (x^{4} + 1\right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.01 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^8-x^4+1}{{\left (x^6+x^2\right )}^{1/4}\,\left (x^8-1\right )} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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