Optimal. Leaf size=33 \[ \frac {\sqrt {-1+x^4} \left (-3-5 x^4+5 x^8+3 x^{12}\right )}{21 x^7} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.05, antiderivative size = 47, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.42, number of steps
used = 5, number of rules used = 5, integrand size = 18, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.278, Rules used = {1600, 1849,
1599, 1500, 460} \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{7} x \left (x^4-1\right )^{3/2}+\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/2}}{7 x^7}+\frac {8 \left (x^4-1\right )^{3/2}}{21 x^3} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 460
Rule 1500
Rule 1599
Rule 1600
Rule 1849
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {-1+x^{16}}{x^8 \sqrt {-1+x^4}} \, dx &=\int \frac {\sqrt {-1+x^4} \left (1+x^4+x^8+x^{12}\right )}{x^8} \, dx\\ &=\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/2}}{7 x^7}+\frac {1}{14} \int \frac {\sqrt {-1+x^4} \left (16 x^3+14 x^7+14 x^{11}\right )}{x^7} \, dx\\ &=\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/2}}{7 x^7}+\frac {1}{14} \int \frac {\sqrt {-1+x^4} \left (16+14 x^4+14 x^8\right )}{x^4} \, dx\\ &=\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/2}}{7 x^7}+\frac {1}{7} x \left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/2}+\frac {1}{98} \int \frac {\sqrt {-1+x^4} \left (112+112 x^4\right )}{x^4} \, dx\\ &=\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/2}}{7 x^7}+\frac {8 \left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/2}}{21 x^3}+\frac {1}{7} x \left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/2}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.14, size = 33, normalized size = 1.00 \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt {-1+x^4} \left (-3-5 x^4+5 x^8+3 x^{12}\right )}{21 x^7} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.32, size = 48, normalized size = 1.45
method | result | size |
trager | \(\frac {\sqrt {x^{4}-1}\, \left (3 x^{12}+5 x^{8}-5 x^{4}-3\right )}{21 x^{7}}\) | \(30\) |
risch | \(\frac {3 x^{16}+2 x^{12}-10 x^{8}+2 x^{4}+3}{21 x^{7} \sqrt {x^{4}-1}}\) | \(35\) |
gosper | \(\frac {\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \left (1+x \right ) \left (-1+x \right ) \left (3 x^{8}+8 x^{4}+3\right ) \sqrt {x^{4}-1}}{21 x^{7}}\) | \(36\) |
elliptic | \(\frac {\left (\frac {\left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {7}{2}} \sqrt {2}}{7 x^{7}}+\frac {2 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{2}} \sqrt {2}}{3 x^{3}}\right ) \sqrt {2}}{2}\) | \(37\) |
default | \(\frac {x^{5} \sqrt {x^{4}-1}}{7}+\frac {5 x \sqrt {x^{4}-1}}{21}-\frac {\sqrt {x^{4}-1}}{7 x^{7}}-\frac {5 \sqrt {x^{4}-1}}{21 x^{3}}\) | \(48\) |
meijerg | \(\frac {\sqrt {-\mathrm {signum}\left (x^{4}-1\right )}\, x^{9} \hypergeom \left (\left [\frac {1}{2}, \frac {9}{4}\right ], \left [\frac {13}{4}\right ], x^{4}\right )}{9 \sqrt {\mathrm {signum}\left (x^{4}-1\right )}}+\frac {\sqrt {-\mathrm {signum}\left (x^{4}-1\right )}\, \hypergeom \left (\left [-\frac {7}{4}, \frac {1}{2}\right ], \left [-\frac {3}{4}\right ], x^{4}\right )}{7 \sqrt {\mathrm {signum}\left (x^{4}-1\right )}\, x^{7}}\) | \(66\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [A]
time = 0.50, size = 39, normalized size = 1.18 \begin {gather*} \frac {{\left (3 \, x^{12} + 5 \, x^{8} - 5 \, x^{4} - 3\right )} \sqrt {x^{2} + 1} \sqrt {x + 1} \sqrt {x - 1}}{21 \, x^{7}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 0.34, size = 29, normalized size = 0.88 \begin {gather*} \frac {{\left (3 \, x^{12} + 5 \, x^{8} - 5 \, x^{4} - 3\right )} \sqrt {x^{4} - 1}}{21 \, x^{7}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 2.22, size = 60, normalized size = 1.82 \begin {gather*} - \frac {i x^{9} \Gamma \left (\frac {9}{4}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} \frac {1}{2}, \frac {9}{4} \\ \frac {13}{4} \end {matrix}\middle | {x^{4}} \right )}}{4 \Gamma \left (\frac {13}{4}\right )} + \frac {i \Gamma \left (- \frac {7}{4}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {7}{4}, \frac {1}{2} \\ - \frac {3}{4} \end {matrix}\middle | {x^{4}} \right )}}{4 x^{7} \Gamma \left (- \frac {3}{4}\right )} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A]
time = 0.41, size = 39, normalized size = 1.18 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{21} \, {\left (3 \, x^{4} + 5\right )} \sqrt {x^{4} - 1} x - \frac {{\left (\frac {3}{x^{4}} + 5\right )} \sqrt {-\frac {1}{x^{4}} + 1}}{21 \, x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 0.34, size = 29, normalized size = 0.88 \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt {x^4-1}\,\left (-3\,x^{12}-5\,x^8+5\,x^4+3\right )}{21\,x^7} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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