Optimal. Leaf size=31 \[ \frac {e^{-2 x}}{2}-\frac {3 e^{2 x}}{2}+\frac {e^{4 x}}{4}+3 x \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.02, antiderivative size = 31, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 4, number of rules used = 3, integrand size = 17, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.176, Rules used = {2320, 272, 45}
\begin {gather*} 3 x+\frac {e^{-2 x}}{2}-\frac {3 e^{2 x}}{2}+\frac {e^{4 x}}{4} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 45
Rule 272
Rule 2320
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int e^x \left (-e^{-x}+e^x\right )^3 \, dx &=\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\left (-1+x^2\right )^3}{x^3} \, dx,x,e^x\right )\\ &=\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {(-1+x)^3}{x^2} \, dx,x,e^{2 x}\right )\\ &=\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \left (-3-\frac {1}{x^2}+\frac {3}{x}+x\right ) \, dx,x,e^{2 x}\right )\\ &=\frac {e^{-2 x}}{2}-\frac {3 e^{2 x}}{2}+\frac {e^{4 x}}{4}+3 x\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.03, size = 30, normalized size = 0.97 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{4} e^{-2 x} \left (2-6 e^{4 x}+e^{6 x}\right )+3 \log \left (e^x\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.02, size = 25, normalized size = 0.81
method | result | size |
risch | \(3 x +\frac {{\mathrm e}^{4 x}}{4}-\frac {3 \,{\mathrm e}^{2 x}}{2}+\frac {{\mathrm e}^{-2 x}}{2}\) | \(23\) |
derivativedivides | \(\frac {{\mathrm e}^{4 x}}{4}-\frac {3 \,{\mathrm e}^{2 x}}{2}+3 \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{x}\right )+\frac {{\mathrm e}^{-2 x}}{2}\) | \(25\) |
default | \(\frac {{\mathrm e}^{4 x}}{4}-\frac {3 \,{\mathrm e}^{2 x}}{2}+3 \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{x}\right )+\frac {{\mathrm e}^{-2 x}}{2}\) | \(25\) |
norman | \(\left (-\frac {3 \,{\mathrm e}^{5 x}}{2}+\frac {{\mathrm e}^{7 x}}{4}+3 \,{\mathrm e}^{3 x} x +\frac {{\mathrm e}^{x}}{2}\right ) {\mathrm e}^{-3 x}\) | \(30\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [A]
time = 0.29, size = 24, normalized size = 0.77 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{4} \, {\left (6 \, e^{\left (-2 \, x\right )} - 1\right )} e^{\left (4 \, x\right )} + 3 \, x + \frac {1}{2} \, e^{\left (-2 \, x\right )} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 0.37, size = 25, normalized size = 0.81 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{4} \, {\left (12 \, x e^{\left (2 \, x\right )} + e^{\left (6 \, x\right )} - 6 \, e^{\left (4 \, x\right )} + 2\right )} e^{\left (-2 \, x\right )} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [A]
time = 0.05, size = 26, normalized size = 0.84 \begin {gather*} 3 x + \frac {e^{4 x}}{4} - \frac {3 e^{2 x}}{2} + \frac {e^{- 2 x}}{2} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A]
time = 5.22, size = 30, normalized size = 0.97 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{2} \, {\left (3 \, e^{\left (2 \, x\right )} - 1\right )} e^{\left (-2 \, x\right )} + 3 \, x + \frac {1}{4} \, e^{\left (4 \, x\right )} - \frac {3}{2} \, e^{\left (2 \, x\right )} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 3.59, size = 22, normalized size = 0.71 \begin {gather*} 3\,x+\frac {{\mathrm {e}}^{-2\,x}}{2}-\frac {3\,{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,x}}{2}+\frac {{\mathrm {e}}^{4\,x}}{4} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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