Optimal. Leaf size=89 \[ -\frac {a^2}{12 x^2}+\frac {a \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{6 x^3}-\frac {a^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{2 x}+\frac {1}{4} a^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 x^4}-\frac {2}{3} a^4 \log (x)+\frac {1}{3} a^4 \log \left (1+a^2 x^2\right ) \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.11, antiderivative size = 89, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 13, number of rules used = 8, integrand size = 10, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.800, Rules used = {4947, 5039,
272, 46, 36, 29, 31, 5005} \begin {gather*} -\frac {2}{3} a^4 \log (x)+\frac {1}{4} a^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2-\frac {a^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{2 x}-\frac {a^2}{12 x^2}+\frac {1}{3} a^4 \log \left (a^2 x^2+1\right )-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 x^4}+\frac {a \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{6 x^3} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 29
Rule 31
Rule 36
Rule 46
Rule 272
Rule 4947
Rule 5005
Rule 5039
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{x^5} \, dx &=-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 x^4}-\frac {1}{2} a \int \frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{x^4 \left (1+a^2 x^2\right )} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 x^4}-\frac {1}{2} a \int \frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{x^4} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} a^3 \int \frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{x^2 \left (1+a^2 x^2\right )} \, dx\\ &=\frac {a \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{6 x^3}-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 x^4}+\frac {1}{6} a^2 \int \frac {1}{x^3 \left (1+a^2 x^2\right )} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} a^3 \int \frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{x^2} \, dx-\frac {1}{2} a^5 \int \frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{1+a^2 x^2} \, dx\\ &=\frac {a \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{6 x^3}-\frac {a^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{2 x}+\frac {1}{4} a^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 x^4}+\frac {1}{12} a^2 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (1+a^2 x\right )} \, dx,x,x^2\right )-\frac {1}{2} a^4 \int \frac {1}{x \left (1+a^2 x^2\right )} \, dx\\ &=\frac {a \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{6 x^3}-\frac {a^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{2 x}+\frac {1}{4} a^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 x^4}+\frac {1}{12} a^2 \text {Subst}\left (\int \left (\frac {1}{x^2}-\frac {a^2}{x}+\frac {a^4}{1+a^2 x}\right ) \, dx,x,x^2\right )-\frac {1}{4} a^4 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x \left (1+a^2 x\right )} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=-\frac {a^2}{12 x^2}+\frac {a \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{6 x^3}-\frac {a^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{2 x}+\frac {1}{4} a^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 x^4}-\frac {1}{6} a^4 \log (x)+\frac {1}{12} a^4 \log \left (1+a^2 x^2\right )-\frac {1}{4} a^4 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x} \, dx,x,x^2\right )+\frac {1}{4} a^6 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+a^2 x} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=-\frac {a^2}{12 x^2}+\frac {a \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{6 x^3}-\frac {a^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{2 x}+\frac {1}{4} a^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 x^4}-\frac {2}{3} a^4 \log (x)+\frac {1}{3} a^4 \log \left (1+a^2 x^2\right )\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.01, size = 81, normalized size = 0.91 \begin {gather*} -\frac {a^2}{12 x^2}-\frac {a \left (-1+3 a^2 x^2\right ) \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{6 x^3}+\frac {\left (-1+a^4 x^4\right ) \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 x^4}-\frac {2}{3} a^4 \log (x)+\frac {1}{3} a^4 \log \left (1+a^2 x^2\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.14, size = 88, normalized size = 0.99
method | result | size |
derivativedivides | \(a^{4} \left (-\frac {\mathrm {arccot}\left (a x \right )^{2}}{4 a^{4} x^{4}}+\frac {\mathrm {arccot}\left (a x \right )}{6 a^{3} x^{3}}-\frac {\mathrm {arccot}\left (a x \right )}{2 a x}-\frac {\mathrm {arccot}\left (a x \right ) \arctan \left (a x \right )}{2}-\frac {1}{12 a^{2} x^{2}}-\frac {2 \ln \left (a x \right )}{3}+\frac {\ln \left (a^{2} x^{2}+1\right )}{3}-\frac {\arctan \left (a x \right )^{2}}{4}\right )\) | \(88\) |
default | \(a^{4} \left (-\frac {\mathrm {arccot}\left (a x \right )^{2}}{4 a^{4} x^{4}}+\frac {\mathrm {arccot}\left (a x \right )}{6 a^{3} x^{3}}-\frac {\mathrm {arccot}\left (a x \right )}{2 a x}-\frac {\mathrm {arccot}\left (a x \right ) \arctan \left (a x \right )}{2}-\frac {1}{12 a^{2} x^{2}}-\frac {2 \ln \left (a x \right )}{3}+\frac {\ln \left (a^{2} x^{2}+1\right )}{3}-\frac {\arctan \left (a x \right )^{2}}{4}\right )\) | \(88\) |
risch | \(-\frac {\left (a^{4} x^{4}-1\right ) \ln \left (i a x +1\right )^{2}}{16 x^{4}}-\frac {i \left (3 i x^{4} \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) a^{4}+6 a^{3} x^{3}-3 i \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )-2 a x +3 \pi \right ) \ln \left (i a x +1\right )}{24 x^{4}}-\frac {-6 i a^{4} \ln \left (\left (-\pi a +8 i a \right ) x +8+i \pi \right ) \pi \,x^{4}+6 i a^{4} \ln \left (\left (-\pi a -8 i a \right ) x +8-i \pi \right ) \pi \,x^{4}+3 a^{4} x^{4} \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2}-16 a^{4} \ln \left (\left (-\pi a +8 i a \right ) x +8+i \pi \right ) x^{4}-16 a^{4} \ln \left (\left (-\pi a -8 i a \right ) x +8-i \pi \right ) x^{4}+32 a^{4} \ln \left (-x \right ) x^{4}-12 i x^{3} \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) a^{3}+12 \pi \,a^{3} x^{3}+4 i x \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) a +4 a^{2} x^{2}-6 i \pi \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )-4 \pi a x +3 \pi ^{2}-3 \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2}}{48 x^{4}}\) | \(309\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [A]
time = 0.49, size = 95, normalized size = 1.07 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{6} \, {\left (3 \, a^{3} \arctan \left (a x\right ) + \frac {3 \, a^{2} x^{2} - 1}{x^{3}}\right )} a \operatorname {arccot}\left (a x\right ) - \frac {{\left (3 \, a^{2} x^{2} \arctan \left (a x\right )^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} x^{2} \log \left (a^{2} x^{2} + 1\right ) + 8 \, a^{2} x^{2} \log \left (x\right ) + 1\right )} a^{2}}{12 \, x^{2}} - \frac {\operatorname {arccot}\left (a x\right )^{2}}{4 \, x^{4}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 2.13, size = 78, normalized size = 0.88 \begin {gather*} \frac {4 \, a^{4} x^{4} \log \left (a^{2} x^{2} + 1\right ) - 8 \, a^{4} x^{4} \log \left (x\right ) - a^{2} x^{2} + 3 \, {\left (a^{4} x^{4} - 1\right )} \operatorname {arccot}\left (a x\right )^{2} - 2 \, {\left (3 \, a^{3} x^{3} - a x\right )} \operatorname {arccot}\left (a x\right )}{12 \, x^{4}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [A]
time = 0.30, size = 80, normalized size = 0.90 \begin {gather*} - \frac {2 a^{4} \log {\left (x \right )}}{3} + \frac {a^{4} \log {\left (a^{2} x^{2} + 1 \right )}}{3} + \frac {a^{4} \operatorname {acot}^{2}{\left (a x \right )}}{4} - \frac {a^{3} \operatorname {acot}{\left (a x \right )}}{2 x} - \frac {a^{2}}{12 x^{2}} + \frac {a \operatorname {acot}{\left (a x \right )}}{6 x^{3}} - \frac {\operatorname {acot}^{2}{\left (a x \right )}}{4 x^{4}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A]
time = 0.42, size = 91, normalized size = 1.02 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{12} \, {\left ({\left (3 \, \arctan \left (\frac {1}{a x}\right )^{2} - \frac {6 \, \arctan \left (\frac {1}{a x}\right )}{a x} - \frac {1}{a^{2} x^{2}} + \frac {2 \, \arctan \left (\frac {1}{a x}\right )}{a^{3} x^{3}} + 4 \, \log \left (\frac {1}{a^{2} x^{2}} + 1\right )\right )} a^{3} - \frac {3 \, \arctan \left (\frac {1}{a x}\right )^{2}}{a x^{4}}\right )} a \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 0.70, size = 73, normalized size = 0.82 \begin {gather*} {\mathrm {acot}\left (a\,x\right )}^2\,\left (\frac {a^4}{4}-\frac {1}{4\,x^4}\right )-\frac {2\,a^4\,\ln \left (x\right )}{3}+\frac {a^4\,\ln \left (a^2\,x^2+1\right )}{3}-\frac {a^2}{12\,x^2}-\frac {a^2\,\mathrm {acot}\left (a\,x\right )\,\left (\frac {a\,x^2}{2}-\frac {1}{6\,a}\right )}{x^3} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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