Optimal. Leaf size=148 \[ \frac {x}{4 a^3}+\frac {x^2 \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{4 a^2}-\frac {i \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{a^4}-\frac {3 x \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a^3}+\frac {x^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a}-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^3}{4 a^4}+\frac {1}{4} x^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^3-\frac {\text {ArcTan}(a x)}{4 a^4}+\frac {2 \cot ^{-1}(a x) \log \left (\frac {2}{1+i a x}\right )}{a^4}-\frac {i \text {PolyLog}\left (2,1-\frac {2}{1+i a x}\right )}{a^4} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.27, antiderivative size = 148, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 18, number of rules used = 10, integrand size = 10, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 1.000, Rules used = {4947, 5037,
327, 209, 5041, 4965, 2449, 2352, 4931, 5005} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\text {ArcTan}(a x)}{4 a^4}-\frac {i \text {Li}_2\left (1-\frac {2}{i a x+1}\right )}{a^4}-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^3}{4 a^4}-\frac {i \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{a^4}+\frac {2 \log \left (\frac {2}{1+i a x}\right ) \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{a^4}+\frac {x}{4 a^3}-\frac {3 x \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a^3}+\frac {x^2 \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{4 a^2}+\frac {1}{4} x^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^3+\frac {x^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 209
Rule 327
Rule 2352
Rule 2449
Rule 4931
Rule 4947
Rule 4965
Rule 5005
Rule 5037
Rule 5041
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int x^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^3 \, dx &=\frac {1}{4} x^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^3+\frac {1}{4} (3 a) \int \frac {x^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{1+a^2 x^2} \, dx\\ &=\frac {1}{4} x^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^3+\frac {3 \int x^2 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2 \, dx}{4 a}-\frac {3 \int \frac {x^2 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{1+a^2 x^2} \, dx}{4 a}\\ &=\frac {x^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a}+\frac {1}{4} x^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^3+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {x^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{1+a^2 x^2} \, dx-\frac {3 \int \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2 \, dx}{4 a^3}+\frac {3 \int \frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{1+a^2 x^2} \, dx}{4 a^3}\\ &=-\frac {3 x \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a^3}+\frac {x^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a}-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^3}{4 a^4}+\frac {1}{4} x^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^3+\frac {\int x \cot ^{-1}(a x) \, dx}{2 a^2}-\frac {\int \frac {x \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{1+a^2 x^2} \, dx}{2 a^2}-\frac {3 \int \frac {x \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{1+a^2 x^2} \, dx}{2 a^2}\\ &=\frac {x^2 \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{4 a^2}-\frac {i \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{a^4}-\frac {3 x \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a^3}+\frac {x^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a}-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^3}{4 a^4}+\frac {1}{4} x^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^3+\frac {\int \frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{i-a x} \, dx}{2 a^3}+\frac {3 \int \frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)}{i-a x} \, dx}{2 a^3}+\frac {\int \frac {x^2}{1+a^2 x^2} \, dx}{4 a}\\ &=\frac {x}{4 a^3}+\frac {x^2 \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{4 a^2}-\frac {i \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{a^4}-\frac {3 x \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a^3}+\frac {x^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a}-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^3}{4 a^4}+\frac {1}{4} x^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^3+\frac {2 \cot ^{-1}(a x) \log \left (\frac {2}{1+i a x}\right )}{a^4}-\frac {\int \frac {1}{1+a^2 x^2} \, dx}{4 a^3}+\frac {\int \frac {\log \left (\frac {2}{1+i a x}\right )}{1+a^2 x^2} \, dx}{2 a^3}+\frac {3 \int \frac {\log \left (\frac {2}{1+i a x}\right )}{1+a^2 x^2} \, dx}{2 a^3}\\ &=\frac {x}{4 a^3}+\frac {x^2 \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{4 a^2}-\frac {i \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{a^4}-\frac {3 x \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a^3}+\frac {x^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a}-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^3}{4 a^4}+\frac {1}{4} x^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^3-\frac {\tan ^{-1}(a x)}{4 a^4}+\frac {2 \cot ^{-1}(a x) \log \left (\frac {2}{1+i a x}\right )}{a^4}-\frac {i \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\log (2 x)}{1-2 x} \, dx,x,\frac {1}{1+i a x}\right )}{2 a^4}-\frac {(3 i) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\log (2 x)}{1-2 x} \, dx,x,\frac {1}{1+i a x}\right )}{2 a^4}\\ &=\frac {x}{4 a^3}+\frac {x^2 \cot ^{-1}(a x)}{4 a^2}-\frac {i \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{a^4}-\frac {3 x \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a^3}+\frac {x^3 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2}{4 a}-\frac {\cot ^{-1}(a x)^3}{4 a^4}+\frac {1}{4} x^4 \cot ^{-1}(a x)^3-\frac {\tan ^{-1}(a x)}{4 a^4}+\frac {2 \cot ^{-1}(a x) \log \left (\frac {2}{1+i a x}\right )}{a^4}-\frac {i \text {Li}_2\left (1-\frac {2}{1+i a x}\right )}{a^4}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.26, size = 96, normalized size = 0.65 \begin {gather*} \frac {a x+\left (-4 i-3 a x+a^3 x^3\right ) \cot ^{-1}(a x)^2+\left (-1+a^4 x^4\right ) \cot ^{-1}(a x)^3+\cot ^{-1}(a x) \left (1+a^2 x^2+8 \log \left (1-e^{2 i \cot ^{-1}(a x)}\right )\right )-4 i \text {PolyLog}\left (2,e^{2 i \cot ^{-1}(a x)}\right )}{4 a^4} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order
4.
time = 2.13, size = 1017, normalized size = 6.87
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {x}{4 a^{3}}-\frac {511 \arctan \left (a x \right )}{768 a^{4}}+\frac {3 i x^{4} \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )}{256}+\left (-\frac {3 i \left (a^{4} x^{4}-1\right ) \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2}}{32 a^{4}}+\frac {x \left (3 \pi \,a^{3} x^{3}+2 a^{2} x^{2}-6\right ) \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )}{16 a^{3}}-\frac {-3 i \pi ^{2} a^{4} x^{4}-4 i \pi \,a^{3} x^{3}-4 i a^{2} x^{2}+12 i \pi a x +6 \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) \pi +16 i \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )}{32 a^{4}}\right ) \ln \left (i a x +1\right )+\frac {i}{4 a^{4}}-\frac {7 i \pi \arctan \left (a x \right )}{64 a^{4}}-\frac {i \left (a^{4} x^{4}-1\right ) \ln \left (i a x +1\right )^{3}}{32 a^{4}}+\frac {3 i \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2} x^{2}}{64 a^{2}}-\frac {13 i \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) x^{2}}{128 a^{2}}-\frac {3 i \pi ^{2} \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) x^{4}}{32}+\frac {i \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) \left (-i a x +1\right )}{2 a^{4}}-\frac {i \ln \left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i a x}{2}\right ) \ln \left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i a x}{2}\right )}{a^{4}}-\frac {5 i \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2} \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )}{32 a^{4}}+\frac {i \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) \left (-i a x +1\right )^{3}}{12 a^{4}}-\frac {3 \pi \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2}}{16 a^{4}}-\frac {3 \pi \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) \left (-i a x +1\right )^{4}}{64 a^{4}}+\frac {\pi \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) \left (-i a x +1\right )^{3}}{8 a^{4}}-\frac {3 \pi \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) x^{2}}{32 a^{2}}+\frac {i \ln \left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i a x}{2}\right ) \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )}{a^{4}}+\frac {3 i \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2} \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2}}{32 a^{4}}-\frac {i \left (-i a x +1\right )^{3} \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2}}{16 a^{4}}-\frac {3 i \left (-i a x +1\right )^{4} \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )}{256 a^{4}}+\frac {3 i \left (-i a x +1\right )^{4} \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2}}{128 a^{4}}-\frac {i \dilog \left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i a x}{2}\right )}{a^{4}}-\frac {319 i \ln \left (a^{2} x^{2}+1\right )}{1536 a^{4}}-\frac {\left (-3 i x^{4} \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) a^{4}+3 \pi \,a^{4} x^{4}+2 a^{3} x^{3}+3 i \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )-6 a x -3 \pi +8 i\right ) \ln \left (i a x +1\right )^{2}}{32 a^{4}}+\frac {3 \pi \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2}}{32 a^{4}}-\frac {3 \pi \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2} x^{4}}{32}+\frac {3 \pi \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) x^{4}}{64}-\frac {\ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2} x^{3}}{32 a}+\frac {7 \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) x^{3}}{192 a}+\frac {3 \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2} x}{32 a^{3}}-\frac {25 \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) x}{64 a^{3}}-\frac {i \pi ^{2}}{4 a^{4}}-\frac {i \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{3}}{32 a^{4}}+\frac {25 i \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2}}{128 a^{4}}-\frac {3 i \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{2} x^{4}}{128}+\frac {i \ln \left (-i a x +1\right )^{3} x^{4}}{32}-\frac {57 \pi \ln \left (a^{2} x^{2}+1\right )}{128 a^{4}}+\frac {3 \pi ^{2} \arctan \left (a x \right )}{16 a^{4}}+\frac {3 i \pi \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) x}{16 a^{3}}-\frac {i \pi \ln \left (-i a x +1\right ) x^{3}}{16 a}+\frac {\pi }{8 a^{4}}-\frac {\pi ^{3}}{32 a^{4}}+\frac {x^{4} \pi ^{3}}{32}-\frac {3 \pi ^{2} x}{16 a^{3}}+\frac {\pi ^{2} x^{3}}{16 a}+\frac {\pi \,x^{2}}{8 a^{2}}\) | \(950\) |
derivativedivides | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(1017\) |
default | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(1017\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int x^{3} \operatorname {acot}^{3}{\left (a x \right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.01 \begin {gather*} \int x^3\,{\mathrm {acot}\left (a\,x\right )}^3 \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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