Optimal. Leaf size=206 \[ x \cot ^{-1}(c x)-\frac {1}{2} i \text {ArcTan}(x) \log \left (1-\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} i \text {ArcTan}(x) \log \left (1+\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} i \text {ArcTan}(x) \log \left (-\frac {2 i (i-c x)}{(1-c) (1-i x)}\right )-\frac {1}{2} i \text {ArcTan}(x) \log \left (-\frac {2 i (i+c x)}{(1+c) (1-i x)}\right )+\frac {\log \left (1+c^2 x^2\right )}{2 c}+\frac {1}{4} \text {PolyLog}\left (2,1+\frac {2 i (i-c x)}{(1-c) (1-i x)}\right )-\frac {1}{4} \text {PolyLog}\left (2,1+\frac {2 i (i+c x)}{(1+c) (1-i x)}\right ) \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.44, antiderivative size = 206, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 28, number of rules used = 15, integrand size = 15, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 1.000, Rules used =
{5037, 4931, 266, 5029, 209, 2520, 6820, 12, 4996, 4940, 2438, 4966, 2449, 2352, 2497}
\begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{2} i \text {ArcTan}(x) \log \left (1-\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} i \text {ArcTan}(x) \log \left (1+\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} i \text {ArcTan}(x) \log \left (-\frac {2 i (-c x+i)}{(1-c) (1-i x)}\right )-\frac {1}{2} i \text {ArcTan}(x) \log \left (-\frac {2 i (c x+i)}{(c+1) (1-i x)}\right )+\frac {\log \left (c^2 x^2+1\right )}{2 c}+\frac {1}{4} \text {Li}_2\left (\frac {2 i (i-c x)}{(1-c) (1-i x)}+1\right )-\frac {1}{4} \text {Li}_2\left (\frac {2 i (c x+i)}{(c+1) (1-i x)}+1\right )+x \cot ^{-1}(c x) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 12
Rule 209
Rule 266
Rule 2352
Rule 2438
Rule 2449
Rule 2497
Rule 2520
Rule 4931
Rule 4940
Rule 4966
Rule 4996
Rule 5029
Rule 5037
Rule 6820
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {x^2 \cot ^{-1}(c x)}{1+x^2} \, dx &=\int \cot ^{-1}(c x) \, dx-\int \frac {\cot ^{-1}(c x)}{1+x^2} \, dx\\ &=x \cot ^{-1}(c x)-\frac {1}{2} i \int \frac {\log \left (1-\frac {i}{c x}\right )}{1+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} i \int \frac {\log \left (1+\frac {i}{c x}\right )}{1+x^2} \, dx+c \int \frac {x}{1+c^2 x^2} \, dx\\ &=x \cot ^{-1}(c x)-\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1-\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1+\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {\log \left (1+c^2 x^2\right )}{2 c}-\frac {\int \frac {\tan ^{-1}(x)}{\left (1-\frac {i}{c x}\right ) x^2} \, dx}{2 c}-\frac {\int \frac {\tan ^{-1}(x)}{\left (1+\frac {i}{c x}\right ) x^2} \, dx}{2 c}\\ &=x \cot ^{-1}(c x)-\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1-\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1+\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {\log \left (1+c^2 x^2\right )}{2 c}-\frac {\int \frac {c \tan ^{-1}(x)}{x (-i+c x)} \, dx}{2 c}-\frac {\int \frac {c \tan ^{-1}(x)}{x (i+c x)} \, dx}{2 c}\\ &=x \cot ^{-1}(c x)-\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1-\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1+\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {\log \left (1+c^2 x^2\right )}{2 c}-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {\tan ^{-1}(x)}{x (-i+c x)} \, dx-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {\tan ^{-1}(x)}{x (i+c x)} \, dx\\ &=x \cot ^{-1}(c x)-\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1-\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1+\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {\log \left (1+c^2 x^2\right )}{2 c}-\frac {1}{2} \int \left (\frac {i \tan ^{-1}(x)}{x}-\frac {i c \tan ^{-1}(x)}{-i+c x}\right ) \, dx-\frac {1}{2} \int \left (-\frac {i \tan ^{-1}(x)}{x}+\frac {i c \tan ^{-1}(x)}{i+c x}\right ) \, dx\\ &=x \cot ^{-1}(c x)-\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1-\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1+\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {\log \left (1+c^2 x^2\right )}{2 c}+\frac {1}{2} (i c) \int \frac {\tan ^{-1}(x)}{-i+c x} \, dx-\frac {1}{2} (i c) \int \frac {\tan ^{-1}(x)}{i+c x} \, dx\\ &=x \cot ^{-1}(c x)-\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1-\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1+\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (-\frac {2 i (i-c x)}{(1-c) (1-i x)}\right )-\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (-\frac {2 i (i+c x)}{(1+c) (1-i x)}\right )+\frac {\log \left (1+c^2 x^2\right )}{2 c}-\frac {1}{2} i \int \frac {\log \left (\frac {2 (-i+c x)}{(-i+i c) (1-i x)}\right )}{1+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} i \int \frac {\log \left (\frac {2 (i+c x)}{(i+i c) (1-i x)}\right )}{1+x^2} \, dx\\ &=x \cot ^{-1}(c x)-\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1-\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (1+\frac {i}{c x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (-\frac {2 i (i-c x)}{(1-c) (1-i x)}\right )-\frac {1}{2} i \tan ^{-1}(x) \log \left (-\frac {2 i (i+c x)}{(1+c) (1-i x)}\right )+\frac {\log \left (1+c^2 x^2\right )}{2 c}+\frac {1}{4} \text {Li}_2\left (1+\frac {2 i (i-c x)}{(1-c) (1-i x)}\right )-\frac {1}{4} \text {Li}_2\left (1+\frac {2 i (i+c x)}{(1+c) (1-i x)}\right )\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [B] Both result and optimal contain complex but leaf count is larger than twice
the leaf count of optimal. \(626\) vs. \(2(206)=412\).
time = 1.12, size = 626, normalized size = 3.04 \begin {gather*} \frac {c x \cot ^{-1}(c x)-\log \left (\frac {1}{c \sqrt {1+\frac {1}{c^2 x^2}} x}\right )+\frac {1}{4} \sqrt {-c^2} \left (2 \text {ArcCos}\left (\frac {1+c^2}{-1+c^2}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {-c^2}}{c x}\right )-4 \cot ^{-1}(c x) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {c x}{\sqrt {-c^2}}\right )-\left (\text {ArcCos}\left (\frac {1+c^2}{-1+c^2}\right )-2 i \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {-c^2}}{c x}\right )\right ) \log \left (-\frac {2 \left (c^2+i \sqrt {-c^2}\right ) (-i+c x)}{\left (-1+c^2\right ) \left (\sqrt {-c^2}-c x\right )}\right )-\left (\text {ArcCos}\left (\frac {1+c^2}{-1+c^2}\right )+2 i \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {-c^2}}{c x}\right )\right ) \log \left (\frac {2 i \left (i c^2+\sqrt {-c^2}\right ) (i+c x)}{\left (-1+c^2\right ) \left (\sqrt {-c^2}-c x\right )}\right )+\left (\text {ArcCos}\left (\frac {1+c^2}{-1+c^2}\right )-2 i \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {-c^2}}{c x}\right )+2 i \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {c x}{\sqrt {-c^2}}\right )\right ) \log \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-c^2} e^{-i \cot ^{-1}(c x)}}{\sqrt {-1+c^2} \sqrt {-1-c^2+\left (-1+c^2\right ) \cos \left (2 \cot ^{-1}(c x)\right )}}\right )+\left (\text {ArcCos}\left (\frac {1+c^2}{-1+c^2}\right )+2 i \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {-c^2}}{c x}\right )-2 i \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {c x}{\sqrt {-c^2}}\right )\right ) \log \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-c^2} e^{i \cot ^{-1}(c x)}}{\sqrt {-1+c^2} \sqrt {-1-c^2+\left (-1+c^2\right ) \cos \left (2 \cot ^{-1}(c x)\right )}}\right )+i \left (-\text {PolyLog}\left (2,\frac {\left (1+c^2-2 i \sqrt {-c^2}\right ) \left (\sqrt {-c^2}+c x\right )}{\left (-1+c^2\right ) \left (\sqrt {-c^2}-c x\right )}\right )+\text {PolyLog}\left (2,\frac {\left (1+c^2+2 i \sqrt {-c^2}\right ) \left (\sqrt {-c^2}+c x\right )}{\left (-1+c^2\right ) \left (\sqrt {-c^2}-c x\right )}\right )\right )\right )}{c} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.23, size = 280, normalized size = 1.36
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {\pi x}{2}+\frac {i \pi }{2 c}-\frac {i \ln \left (-i c x +1\right ) x}{2}+\frac {i \ln \left (i c x +1\right ) x}{2}-\frac {\pi \arctan \left (x \right )}{2}+\frac {\ln \left (c^{2} x^{2}+1\right )}{2 c}-\frac {1}{c}+\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-i c x -c}{-c -1}\right ) \ln \left (-i c x +1\right )}{4}+\frac {\dilog \left (\frac {-i c x -c}{-c -1}\right )}{4}-\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-i c x +c}{c -1}\right ) \ln \left (-i c x +1\right )}{4}-\frac {\dilog \left (\frac {-i c x +c}{c -1}\right )}{4}+\frac {\ln \left (\frac {i c x -c}{-c -1}\right ) \ln \left (i c x +1\right )}{4}+\frac {\dilog \left (\frac {i c x -c}{-c -1}\right )}{4}-\frac {\ln \left (\frac {i c x +c}{c -1}\right ) \ln \left (i c x +1\right )}{4}-\frac {\dilog \left (\frac {i c x +c}{c -1}\right )}{4}\) | \(238\) |
derivativedivides | \(\frac {-\mathrm {arccot}\left (c x \right ) \arctan \left (x \right ) c^{3}+\mathrm {arccot}\left (c x \right ) c^{3} x +c^{3} \left (\frac {\ln \left (c^{2} x^{2}+1\right )}{2 c}-\frac {i \arctan \left (x \right ) \ln \left (1-\frac {\left (c -1\right ) \left (i x +1\right )^{2}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \left (1+c \right )}\right )}{2}-\frac {\arctan \left (x \right )^{2}}{2}-\frac {\polylog \left (2, \frac {\left (c -1\right ) \left (i x +1\right )^{2}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \left (1+c \right )}\right )}{4}+\frac {i c \ln \left (1-\frac {\left (1+c \right ) \left (i x +1\right )^{2}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \left (c -1\right )}\right ) \arctan \left (x \right )}{2 c -2}-\frac {i \ln \left (1-\frac {\left (1+c \right ) \left (i x +1\right )^{2}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \left (c -1\right )}\right ) \arctan \left (x \right )}{2 \left (c -1\right )}+\frac {c \arctan \left (x \right )^{2}}{2 c -2}+\frac {c \polylog \left (2, \frac {\left (1+c \right ) \left (i x +1\right )^{2}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \left (c -1\right )}\right )}{4 c -4}-\frac {\arctan \left (x \right )^{2}}{2 \left (c -1\right )}-\frac {\polylog \left (2, \frac {\left (1+c \right ) \left (i x +1\right )^{2}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \left (c -1\right )}\right )}{4 \left (c -1\right )}\right )}{c^{3}}\) | \(280\) |
default | \(\frac {-\mathrm {arccot}\left (c x \right ) \arctan \left (x \right ) c^{3}+\mathrm {arccot}\left (c x \right ) c^{3} x +c^{3} \left (\frac {\ln \left (c^{2} x^{2}+1\right )}{2 c}-\frac {i \arctan \left (x \right ) \ln \left (1-\frac {\left (c -1\right ) \left (i x +1\right )^{2}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \left (1+c \right )}\right )}{2}-\frac {\arctan \left (x \right )^{2}}{2}-\frac {\polylog \left (2, \frac {\left (c -1\right ) \left (i x +1\right )^{2}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \left (1+c \right )}\right )}{4}+\frac {i c \ln \left (1-\frac {\left (1+c \right ) \left (i x +1\right )^{2}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \left (c -1\right )}\right ) \arctan \left (x \right )}{2 c -2}-\frac {i \ln \left (1-\frac {\left (1+c \right ) \left (i x +1\right )^{2}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \left (c -1\right )}\right ) \arctan \left (x \right )}{2 \left (c -1\right )}+\frac {c \arctan \left (x \right )^{2}}{2 c -2}+\frac {c \polylog \left (2, \frac {\left (1+c \right ) \left (i x +1\right )^{2}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \left (c -1\right )}\right )}{4 c -4}-\frac {\arctan \left (x \right )^{2}}{2 \left (c -1\right )}-\frac {\polylog \left (2, \frac {\left (1+c \right ) \left (i x +1\right )^{2}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \left (c -1\right )}\right )}{4 \left (c -1\right )}\right )}{c^{3}}\) | \(280\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [A]
time = 0.48, size = 189, normalized size = 0.92 \begin {gather*} {\left (x - \arctan \left (x\right )\right )} \operatorname {arccot}\left (c x\right ) - \frac {4 \, c \arctan \left (c x\right ) \arctan \left (x\right ) - 4 \, c \arctan \left (x\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {c x}{c - 1}, -\frac {1}{c - 1}\right ) + c \log \left (x^{2} + 1\right ) \log \left (\frac {c^{2} x^{2} + 1}{c^{2} + 2 \, c + 1}\right ) - c \log \left (x^{2} + 1\right ) \log \left (\frac {c^{2} x^{2} + 1}{c^{2} - 2 \, c + 1}\right ) + 2 \, c {\rm Li}_2\left (\frac {i \, c x + c}{c + 1}\right ) + 2 \, c {\rm Li}_2\left (-\frac {i \, c x - c}{c + 1}\right ) - 2 \, c {\rm Li}_2\left (\frac {i \, c x + c}{c - 1}\right ) - 2 \, c {\rm Li}_2\left (-\frac {i \, c x - c}{c - 1}\right ) - 4 \, \log \left (c^{2} x^{2} + 1\right )}{8 \, c} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^{2} \operatorname {acot}{\left (c x \right )}}{x^{2} + 1}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^2\,\mathrm {acot}\left (c\,x\right )}{x^2+1} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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