3.3.4 \(\int \frac {x^3}{1+x^3} \, dx\) [204]

Optimal. Leaf size=41 \[ x+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{3} \log (1+x)+\frac {1}{6} \log \left (1-x+x^2\right ) \]

[Out]

x-1/3*ln(1+x)+1/6*ln(x^2-x+1)+1/3*arctan(1/3*(1-2*x)*3^(1/2))*3^(1/2)

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Rubi [A]
time = 0.02, antiderivative size = 41, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 11, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.636, Rules used = {327, 206, 31, 648, 632, 210, 642} \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{6} \log \left (x^2-x+1\right )+x-\frac {1}{3} \log (x+1)+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}} \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[x^3/(1 + x^3),x]

[Out]

x + ArcTan[(1 - 2*x)/Sqrt[3]]/Sqrt[3] - Log[1 + x]/3 + Log[1 - x + x^2]/6

Rule 31

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_))^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/b, x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]

Rule 206

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Dist[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]^2), Int[1/(Rt[a, 3] + Rt[b, 3]*x), x], x] + Di
st[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]^2), Int[(2*Rt[a, 3] - Rt[b, 3]*x)/(Rt[a, 3]^2 - Rt[a, 3]*Rt[b, 3]*x + Rt[b, 3]^2*x^2), x], x]
/; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]

Rule 210

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2])^(-1))*ArcTan[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[-a, 2])
], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])

Rule 327

Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[c^(n - 1)*(c*x)^(m - n + 1)*((a + b*x^n
)^(p + 1)/(b*(m + n*p + 1))), x] - Dist[a*c^n*((m - n + 1)/(b*(m + n*p + 1))), Int[(c*x)^(m - n)*(a + b*x^n)^p
, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && GtQ[m, n - 1] && NeQ[m + n*p + 1, 0] && IntBinomialQ[a, b,
c, n, m, p, x]

Rule 632

Int[((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Dist[-2, Subst[Int[1/Simp[b^2 - 4*a*c - x^2, x], x]
, x, b + 2*c*x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0]

Rule 642

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Simp[d*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x +
c*x^2, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]

Rule 648

Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Dist[(2*c*d - b*e)/(2*c), Int[1/(a +
b*x + c*x^2), x], x] + Dist[e/(2*c), Int[(b + 2*c*x)/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] &
& NeQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] &&  !NiceSqrtQ[b^2 - 4*a*c]

Rubi steps

\begin {align*} \int \frac {x^3}{1+x^3} \, dx &=x-\int \frac {1}{1+x^3} \, dx\\ &=x-\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {1}{1+x} \, dx-\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {2-x}{1-x+x^2} \, dx\\ &=x-\frac {1}{3} \log (1+x)+\frac {1}{6} \int \frac {-1+2 x}{1-x+x^2} \, dx-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{1-x+x^2} \, dx\\ &=x-\frac {1}{3} \log (1+x)+\frac {1}{6} \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )+\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,-1+2 x\right )\\ &=x-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {-1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{3} \log (1+x)+\frac {1}{6} \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )\\ \end {align*}

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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.01, size = 42, normalized size = 1.02 \begin {gather*} x-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {-1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{3} \log (1+x)+\frac {1}{6} \log \left (1-x+x^2\right ) \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Integrate[x^3/(1 + x^3),x]

[Out]

x - ArcTan[(-1 + 2*x)/Sqrt[3]]/Sqrt[3] - Log[1 + x]/3 + Log[1 - x + x^2]/6

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Mathics [A]
time = 1.98, size = 35, normalized size = 0.85 \begin {gather*} x-\frac {\sqrt {3} \text {ArcTan}\left [\frac {\sqrt {3} \left (-1+2 x\right )}{3}\right ]}{3}-\frac {\text {Log}\left [1+x\right ]}{3}+\frac {\text {Log}\left [1-x+x^2\right ]}{6} \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

mathics('Integrate[x^3/(1 + x^3),x]')

[Out]

x - Sqrt[3] ArcTan[Sqrt[3] (-1 + 2 x) / 3] / 3 - Log[1 + x] / 3 + Log[1 - x + x ^ 2] / 6

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Maple [A]
time = 0.05, size = 36, normalized size = 0.88

method	result	size
default	\(x -\frac {\ln \left (1+x \right )}{3}+\frac {\ln \left (x^{2}-x +1\right )}{6}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x -1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{3}\)	\(36\)
risch	\(x +\frac {\ln \left (4 x^{2}-4 x +4\right )}{6}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x -1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{3}-\frac {\ln \left (1+x \right )}{3}\)	\(38\)
meijerg	\(x -\frac {x \left (\frac {\ln \left (1+\left (x^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{\left (x^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}-\frac {\ln \left (1-\left (x^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (x^{3}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{2 \left (x^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2-\left (x^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right )}{\left (x^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right )}{3}\)	\(74\)

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(x^3/(x^3+1),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)

[Out]

x-1/3*ln(1+x)+1/6*ln(x^2-x+1)-1/3*3^(1/2)*arctan(1/3*(2*x-1)*3^(1/2))

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Maxima [A]
time = 0.35, size = 35, normalized size = 0.85 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) + x + \frac {1}{6} \, \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{3} \, \log \left (x + 1\right ) \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x^3/(x^3+1),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

-1/3*sqrt(3)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x - 1)) + x + 1/6*log(x^2 - x + 1) - 1/3*log(x + 1)

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Fricas [A]
time = 0.34, size = 35, normalized size = 0.85 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) + x + \frac {1}{6} \, \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{3} \, \log \left (x + 1\right ) \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x^3/(x^3+1),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

-1/3*sqrt(3)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x - 1)) + x + 1/6*log(x^2 - x + 1) - 1/3*log(x + 1)

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Sympy [A]
time = 0.07, size = 42, normalized size = 1.02 \begin {gather*} x - \frac {\log {\left (x + 1 \right )}}{3} + \frac {\log {\left (x^{2} - x + 1 \right )}}{6} - \frac {\sqrt {3} \operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {2 \sqrt {3} x}{3} - \frac {\sqrt {3}}{3} \right )}}{3} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x**3/(x**3+1),x)

[Out]

x - log(x + 1)/3 + log(x**2 - x + 1)/6 - sqrt(3)*atan(2*sqrt(3)*x/3 - sqrt(3)/3)/3

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Giac [A]
time = 0.00, size = 43, normalized size = 1.05 \begin {gather*} x-\frac {\ln \left |x+1\right |}{3}+\frac {\ln \left (x^{2}-x+1\right )}{6}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {2 x-1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x^3/(x^3+1),x)

[Out]

-1/3*sqrt(3)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x - 1)) + x + 1/6*log(x^2 - x + 1) - 1/3*log(abs(x + 1))

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Mupad [B]
time = 0.23, size = 47, normalized size = 1.15 \begin {gather*} x-\frac {\ln \left (x+1\right )}{3}+\ln \left (x-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{6}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{6}\right )-\ln \left (x-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{6}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{6}\right ) \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(x^3/(x^3 + 1),x)

[Out]

x - log(x + 1)/3 + log(x - (3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/6 + 1/6) - log(x + (3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*((3^(1
/2)*1i)/6 - 1/6)

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