Integrand size = 12, antiderivative size = 73 \[ \int \frac {1}{-1-3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=-\sqrt {\frac {1}{26} \left (3+\sqrt {13}\right )} \arctan \left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{-3+\sqrt {13}}} x\right )-\sqrt {\frac {2}{13 \left (3+\sqrt {13}\right )}} \text {arctanh}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{3+\sqrt {13}}} x\right ) \]
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Time = 0.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 73, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 3, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.250, Rules used = {1107, 213, 209} \[ \int \frac {1}{-1-3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=-\sqrt {\frac {1}{26} \left (3+\sqrt {13}\right )} \arctan \left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {13}-3}} x\right )-\sqrt {\frac {2}{13 \left (3+\sqrt {13}\right )}} \text {arctanh}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{3+\sqrt {13}}} x\right ) \]
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Rule 209
Rule 213
Rule 1107
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\int \frac {1}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {13}}{2}+x^2} \, dx}{\sqrt {13}}-\frac {\int \frac {1}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {13}}{2}+x^2} \, dx}{\sqrt {13}} \\ & = -\sqrt {\frac {1}{26} \left (3+\sqrt {13}\right )} \arctan \left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{-3+\sqrt {13}}} x\right )-\sqrt {\frac {2}{13 \left (3+\sqrt {13}\right )}} \text {arctanh}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{3+\sqrt {13}}} x\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 68, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.93 \[ \int \frac {1}{-1-3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {3+\sqrt {13}} \arctan \left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{-3+\sqrt {13}}} x\right )+\sqrt {-3+\sqrt {13}} \text {arctanh}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{3+\sqrt {13}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {26}} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 0.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 35, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.48
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-3 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-1\right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{2 \textit {\_R}^{3}-3 \textit {\_R}}\right )}{2}\) | \(35\) |
default | \(-\frac {2 \sqrt {13}\, \operatorname {arctanh}\left (\frac {2 x}{\sqrt {6+2 \sqrt {13}}}\right )}{13 \sqrt {6+2 \sqrt {13}}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {13}\, \arctan \left (\frac {2 x}{\sqrt {-6+2 \sqrt {13}}}\right )}{13 \sqrt {-6+2 \sqrt {13}}}\) | \(56\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 151 vs. \(2 (50) = 100\).
Time = 0.25 (sec) , antiderivative size = 151, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.07 \[ \int \frac {1}{-1-3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=-\frac {1}{52} \, \sqrt {26} \sqrt {\sqrt {13} - 3} \log \left (\sqrt {26} {\left (3 \, \sqrt {13} + 13\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {13} - 3} + 52 \, x\right ) + \frac {1}{52} \, \sqrt {26} \sqrt {\sqrt {13} - 3} \log \left (-\sqrt {26} {\left (3 \, \sqrt {13} + 13\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {13} - 3} + 52 \, x\right ) + \frac {1}{52} \, \sqrt {26} \sqrt {-\sqrt {13} - 3} \log \left (\sqrt {26} {\left (3 \, \sqrt {13} - 13\right )} \sqrt {-\sqrt {13} - 3} + 52 \, x\right ) - \frac {1}{52} \, \sqrt {26} \sqrt {-\sqrt {13} - 3} \log \left (-\sqrt {26} {\left (3 \, \sqrt {13} - 13\right )} \sqrt {-\sqrt {13} - 3} + 52 \, x\right ) \]
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Time = 0.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 24, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.33 \[ \int \frac {1}{-1-3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=\operatorname {RootSum} {\left (2704 t^{4} + 156 t^{2} - 1, \left ( t \mapsto t \log {\left (- 312 t^{3} - 22 t + x \right )} \right )\right )} \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{-1-3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{x^{4} - 3 \, x^{2} - 1} \,d x } \]
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none
Time = 0.32 (sec) , antiderivative size = 74, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.01 \[ \int \frac {1}{-1-3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=-\frac {1}{26} \, \sqrt {26 \, \sqrt {13} + 78} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {13} - \frac {3}{2}}}\right ) - \frac {1}{52} \, \sqrt {26 \, \sqrt {13} - 78} \log \left ({\left | x + \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {13} + \frac {3}{2}} \right |}\right ) + \frac {1}{52} \, \sqrt {26 \, \sqrt {13} - 78} \log \left ({\left | x - \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {13} + \frac {3}{2}} \right |}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.14 (sec) , antiderivative size = 93, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.27 \[ \int \frac {1}{-1-3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {26}\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {26}\,x}{2\,\sqrt {\sqrt {13}-3}}-\frac {3\,\sqrt {13}\,\sqrt {26}\,x}{26\,\sqrt {\sqrt {13}-3}}\right )\,\sqrt {\sqrt {13}-3}}{26}-\frac {\sqrt {26}\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {26}\,x}{2\,\sqrt {-\sqrt {13}-3}}+\frac {3\,\sqrt {13}\,\sqrt {26}\,x}{26\,\sqrt {-\sqrt {13}-3}}\right )\,\sqrt {-\sqrt {13}-3}}{26} \]
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