Integrand size = 26, antiderivative size = 361 \[ \int \frac {x^3}{216+108 x^2+324 x^3+18 x^4+x^6} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3}-2 x}{\sqrt {6 \left (4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}\right )}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [6]{2} 3^{5/6} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2 \sqrt {4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}}}+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \arctan \left (\frac {3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}+2 x}{\sqrt {6 \left (4+3 \sqrt [3]{-2} 3^{2/3}\right )}}\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3} 3^{5/6} \sqrt {8+9 i \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [6]{3}+3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{2} \left (3 \sqrt [3]{3}+\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{\sqrt {3 \left (-4+3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}\right )}}\right )}{18 \sqrt [6]{2} 3^{5/6} \sqrt {-4+3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}}-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \log \left (6-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x+x^2\right )}{36 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \log \left (6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}{108 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}+\frac {\log \left (6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}{108 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}} \]
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Time = 0.60 (sec) , antiderivative size = 361, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 14, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.231, Rules used = {2122, 648, 632, 210, 642, 212} \[ \int \frac {x^3}{216+108 x^2+324 x^3+18 x^4+x^6} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3}-2 x}{\sqrt {6 \left (4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}\right )}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [6]{2} 3^{5/6} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2 \sqrt {4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}}}+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \arctan \left (\frac {2 x+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}}{\sqrt {6 \left (4+3 \sqrt [3]{-2} 3^{2/3}\right )}}\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3} 3^{5/6} \sqrt {8+9 i \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [6]{3}+3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{2} \left (\sqrt [3]{2} x+3 \sqrt [3]{3}\right )}{\sqrt {3 \left (3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}-4\right )}}\right )}{18 \sqrt [6]{2} 3^{5/6} \sqrt {3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}-4}}-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \log \left (x^2-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x+6\right )}{36 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \log \left (x^2+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+6\right )}{108 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}+\frac {\log \left (x^2+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+6\right )}{108 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}} \]
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Rule 210
Rule 212
Rule 632
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rule 2122
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = 1259712 \int \left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} x}{22674816 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2 \left (-6+3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x-x^2\right )}-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} x}{22674816 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (-1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right ) \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2 \left (6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}+\frac {x}{68024448 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}\right ) \, dx \\ & = \frac {\int \frac {x}{6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2} \, dx}{54 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \int \frac {x}{6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2} \, dx}{54 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \int \frac {x}{-6+3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x-x^2} \, dx}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2} \\ & = \frac {\sqrt [3]{-\frac {1}{3}} \int \frac {1}{6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2} \, dx}{18\ 2^{2/3}}+\frac {\int \frac {3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}+2 x}{6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2} \, dx}{108 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \int \frac {3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}+2 x}{6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2} \, dx}{108 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}-\frac {\int \frac {1}{6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2} \, dx}{18\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}}-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \int \frac {3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3}-2 x}{-6+3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x-x^2} \, dx}{36 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2}-\frac {\int \frac {1}{-6+3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x-x^2} \, dx}{6\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2} \\ & = -\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \log \left (6-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x+x^2\right )}{36 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \log \left (6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}{108 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}+\frac {\log \left (6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}{108 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{-\frac {1}{3}} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-6 \left (4+3 \sqrt [3]{-2} 3^{2/3}\right )-x^2} \, dx,x,3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}+2 x\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3}}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-6 \left (4-3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}\right )-x^2} \, dx,x,3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}+2 x\right )}{9\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-6 \left (4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}\right )-x^2} \, dx,x,3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3}-2 x\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2} \\ & = -\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3}-2 x}{\sqrt {6 \left (4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}\right )}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [6]{2} 3^{5/6} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2 \sqrt {4-3 (-3)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{2}}}+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3}+2 x}{\sqrt {6 \left (4+3 \sqrt [3]{-2} 3^{2/3}\right )}}\right )}{18 \sqrt [6]{2} 3^{5/6} \sqrt {4+3 \sqrt [3]{-2} 3^{2/3}}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{2} \left (3 \sqrt [3]{3}+\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{\sqrt {3 \left (-4+3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}\right )}}\right )}{18 \sqrt [6]{2} 3^{5/6} \sqrt {-4+3 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}}-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \log \left (6-3 \sqrt [3]{-3} 2^{2/3} x+x^2\right )}{36 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3} \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1}\right )^2}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \log \left (6+3 (-2)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}{108 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}}+\frac {\log \left (6+3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{3} x+x^2\right )}{108 \sqrt [3]{2} 3^{2/3}} \\ \end{align*}
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3 in optimal.
Time = 0.01 (sec) , antiderivative size = 61, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.17 \[ \int \frac {x^3}{216+108 x^2+324 x^3+18 x^4+x^6} \, dx=\frac {1}{6} \text {RootSum}\left [216+108 \text {$\#$1}^2+324 \text {$\#$1}^3+18 \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^6\&,\frac {\log (x-\text {$\#$1}) \text {$\#$1}^2}{36+162 \text {$\#$1}+12 \text {$\#$1}^2+\text {$\#$1}^4}\&\right ] \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 0.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 56, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.16
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}+18 \textit {\_Z}^{4}+324 \textit {\_Z}^{3}+108 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+216\right )}{\sum }\frac {\textit {\_R}^{3} \ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{5}+12 \textit {\_R}^{3}+162 \textit {\_R}^{2}+36 \textit {\_R}}\right )}{6}\) | \(56\) |
risch | \(\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}+18 \textit {\_Z}^{4}+324 \textit {\_Z}^{3}+108 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+216\right )}{\sum }\frac {\textit {\_R}^{3} \ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{5}+12 \textit {\_R}^{3}+162 \textit {\_R}^{2}+36 \textit {\_R}}\right )}{6}\) | \(56\) |
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {x^3}{216+108 x^2+324 x^3+18 x^4+x^6} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
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Time = 0.11 (sec) , antiderivative size = 61, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.17 \[ \int \frac {x^3}{216+108 x^2+324 x^3+18 x^4+x^6} \, dx=\operatorname {RootSum} {\left (3390158631679488 t^{6} - 74384733888 t^{4} - 1332145440 t^{3} - 1417176 t^{2} - 1, \left ( t \mapsto t \log {\left (- \frac {8482372214243328 t^{5}}{415817} + \frac {2216055910930560 t^{4}}{415817} - \frac {2062546612992 t^{3}}{415817} - \frac {57027208896 t^{2}}{415817} - \frac {416583756 t}{415817} + x - \frac {89938}{415817} \right )} \right )\right )} \]
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\[ \int \frac {x^3}{216+108 x^2+324 x^3+18 x^4+x^6} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{3}}{x^{6} + 18 \, x^{4} + 324 \, x^{3} + 108 \, x^{2} + 216} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {x^3}{216+108 x^2+324 x^3+18 x^4+x^6} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{3}}{x^{6} + 18 \, x^{4} + 324 \, x^{3} + 108 \, x^{2} + 216} \,d x } \]
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Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 276, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.76 \[ \int \frac {x^3}{216+108 x^2+324 x^3+18 x^4+x^6} \, dx=\sum _{k=1}^6\ln \left (-\frac {23328\,\left (297538935552\,x-7992872640\,x\,\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+1417176\,z^4+1332145440\,z^3+74384733888\,z^2-3390158631679488,z,k\right )+52488\,x\,{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+1417176\,z^4+1332145440\,z^3+74384733888\,z^2-3390158631679488,z,k\right )}^3+2904\,x\,{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+1417176\,z^4+1332145440\,z^3+74384733888\,z^2-3390158631679488,z,k\right )}^4+x\,{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+1417176\,z^4+1332145440\,z^3+74384733888\,z^2-3390158631679488,z,k\right )}^5-153055008\,{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+1417176\,z^4+1332145440\,z^3+74384733888\,z^2-3390158631679488,z,k\right )}^2-2764368\,{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+1417176\,z^4+1332145440\,z^3+74384733888\,z^2-3390158631679488,z,k\right )}^3-1620\,{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+1417176\,z^4+1332145440\,z^3+74384733888\,z^2-3390158631679488,z,k\right )}^4-3673320192\,\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+1417176\,z^4+1332145440\,z^3+74384733888\,z^2-3390158631679488,z,k\right )+7240114098432\right )}{{\mathrm {root}\left (z^6+1417176\,z^4+1332145440\,z^3+74384733888\,z^2-3390158631679488,z,k\right )}^5}\right )\,\mathrm {root}\left (z^6-\frac {z^4}{45576}-\frac {235\,z^3}{598048272}-\frac {z^2}{2392193088}-\frac {1}{3390158631679488},z,k\right ) \]
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