Integrand size = 32, antiderivative size = 78 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (1-x^4+x^8\right )}{x^6 \left (1+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (-1+6 x^4\right )}{5 x^5}-\frac {3}{8} \text {RootSum}\left [3-2 \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {-\log (x)+\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right )}{-\text {$\#$1}^3+\text {$\#$1}^7}\&\right ] \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 1.57 (sec) , antiderivative size = 560, normalized size of antiderivative = 7.18, number of steps used = 43, number of rules used = 12, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.375, Rules used = {6857, 270, 283, 338, 304, 209, 212, 1543, 525, 524, 1533, 508} \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (1-x^4+x^8\right )}{x^6 \left (1+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt [4]{x^4-1} x^3 \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},-\frac {1}{4},1,\frac {7}{4},x^4,-i \sqrt {2} x^4\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{x^4-1} x^3 \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},-\frac {1}{4},1,\frac {7}{4},x^4,i \sqrt {2} x^4\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}-\frac {i \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {2}-2 i} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{2} \left (\sqrt {2}-2 i\right )^{3/4}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {2}-2 i} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )}{2\ 2^{5/8} \left (\sqrt {2}-2 i\right )^{3/4}}+\frac {i \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {2}+2 i} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{2} \left (\sqrt {2}+2 i\right )^{3/4}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {2}+2 i} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )}{2\ 2^{5/8} \left (\sqrt {2}+2 i\right )^{3/4}}+\frac {i \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {2}-2 i} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{2} \left (\sqrt {2}-2 i\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {2}-2 i} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )}{2\ 2^{5/8} \left (\sqrt {2}-2 i\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {i \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {2}+2 i} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{2} \left (\sqrt {2}+2 i\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {2}+2 i} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )}{2\ 2^{5/8} \left (\sqrt {2}+2 i\right )^{3/4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}{x}+\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{5/4}}{5 x^5} \]
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Rule 209
Rule 212
Rule 270
Rule 283
Rule 304
Rule 338
Rule 508
Rule 524
Rule 525
Rule 1533
Rule 1543
Rule 6857
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \int \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x^6}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x^2}+\frac {x^2 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (-1+2 x^4\right )}{1+2 x^8}\right ) \, dx \\ & = \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x^6} \, dx-\int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x^2} \, dx+\int \frac {x^2 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (-1+2 x^4\right )}{1+2 x^8} \, dx \\ & = \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x}+\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{5/4}}{5 x^5}-\int \frac {x^2}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \, dx+\int \left (-\frac {x^2 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{1+2 x^8}+\frac {2 x^6 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{1+2 x^8}\right ) \, dx \\ & = \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x}+\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{5/4}}{5 x^5}+2 \int \frac {x^6 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{1+2 x^8} \, dx-\int \frac {x^2 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{1+2 x^8} \, dx-\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{1-x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right ) \\ & = \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x}+\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{5/4}}{5 x^5}-\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\int \frac {x^2}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \, dx-\int \frac {x^2 \left (1+2 x^4\right )}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+2 x^8\right )} \, dx-\int \left (-\frac {i x^2 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{\sqrt {2} \left (-i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4\right )}+\frac {i x^2 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{\sqrt {2} \left (i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4\right )}\right ) \, dx \\ & = \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x}+\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{5/4}}{5 x^5}+\frac {1}{2} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\frac {i \int \frac {x^2 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{-i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4} \, dx}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {i \int \frac {x^2 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4} \, dx}{\sqrt {2}}-\int \left (\frac {x^2}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+2 x^8\right )}+\frac {2 x^6}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+2 x^8\right )}\right ) \, dx+\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{1-x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right ) \\ & = \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x}+\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{5/4}}{5 x^5}+\frac {1}{2} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )-2 \int \frac {x^6}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+2 x^8\right )} \, dx+\frac {\left (i \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}\right ) \int \frac {x^2 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}{-i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4} \, dx}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}-\frac {\left (i \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}\right ) \int \frac {x^2 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}{i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4} \, dx}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}-\int \frac {x^2}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+2 x^8\right )} \, dx \\ & = \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x}+\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{5/4}}{5 x^5}-\frac {x^3 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},-\frac {1}{4},1,\frac {7}{4},x^4,-i \sqrt {2} x^4\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}-\frac {x^3 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},-\frac {1}{4},1,\frac {7}{4},x^4,i \sqrt {2} x^4\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}-2 \int \left (\frac {x^2}{2 \left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (-i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4\right )}+\frac {x^2}{2 \left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4\right )}\right ) \, dx-\int \left (-\frac {i x^2}{\sqrt {2} \left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (-i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4\right )}+\frac {i x^2}{\sqrt {2} \left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4\right )}\right ) \, dx \\ & = \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x}+\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{5/4}}{5 x^5}-\frac {x^3 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},-\frac {1}{4},1,\frac {7}{4},x^4,-i \sqrt {2} x^4\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}-\frac {x^3 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},-\frac {1}{4},1,\frac {7}{4},x^4,i \sqrt {2} x^4\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}+\frac {i \int \frac {x^2}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (-i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {i \int \frac {x^2}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt {2}}-\int \frac {x^2}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (-i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4\right )} \, dx-\int \frac {x^2}{\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (i \sqrt {2}+2 x^4\right )} \, dx \\ & = \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x}+\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{5/4}}{5 x^5}-\frac {x^3 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},-\frac {1}{4},1,\frac {7}{4},x^4,-i \sqrt {2} x^4\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}-\frac {x^3 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},-\frac {1}{4},1,\frac {7}{4},x^4,i \sqrt {2} x^4\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}+\frac {i \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{-i \sqrt {2}-\left (2-i \sqrt {2}\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {i \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{i \sqrt {2}-\left (2+i \sqrt {2}\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}-\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{-i \sqrt {2}-\left (2-i \sqrt {2}\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )-\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{i \sqrt {2}-\left (2+i \sqrt {2}\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right ) \\ & = \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x}+\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{5/4}}{5 x^5}-\frac {x^3 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},-\frac {1}{4},1,\frac {7}{4},x^4,-i \sqrt {2} x^4\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}-\frac {x^3 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},-\frac {1}{4},1,\frac {7}{4},x^4,i \sqrt {2} x^4\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}+\frac {i \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{2}-\sqrt {-2 i+\sqrt {2}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {-2 i+\sqrt {2}}}-\frac {i \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{2}+\sqrt {-2 i+\sqrt {2}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {-2 i+\sqrt {2}}}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{2}-\sqrt {-2 i+\sqrt {2}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (-2 i+\sqrt {2}\right )}}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{2}+\sqrt {-2 i+\sqrt {2}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (-2 i+\sqrt {2}\right )}}-\frac {i \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{2}-\sqrt {2 i+\sqrt {2}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 i+\sqrt {2}}}+\frac {i \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{2}+\sqrt {2 i+\sqrt {2}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 i+\sqrt {2}}}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{2}-\sqrt {2 i+\sqrt {2}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2 i+\sqrt {2}\right )}}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{2}+\sqrt {2 i+\sqrt {2}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2 i+\sqrt {2}\right )}} \\ & = \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}{x}+\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{5/4}}{5 x^5}-\frac {x^3 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},-\frac {1}{4},1,\frac {7}{4},x^4,-i \sqrt {2} x^4\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}-\frac {x^3 \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {3}{4},-\frac {1}{4},1,\frac {7}{4},x^4,i \sqrt {2} x^4\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{1-x^4}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-2 i+\sqrt {2}} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2\ 2^{5/8} \left (-2 i+\sqrt {2}\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {i \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-2 i+\sqrt {2}} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{2} \left (-2 i+\sqrt {2}\right )^{3/4}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2 i+\sqrt {2}} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2\ 2^{5/8} \left (2 i+\sqrt {2}\right )^{3/4}}+\frac {i \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2 i+\sqrt {2}} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{2} \left (2 i+\sqrt {2}\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-2 i+\sqrt {2}} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2\ 2^{5/8} \left (-2 i+\sqrt {2}\right )^{3/4}}+\frac {i \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-2 i+\sqrt {2}} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{2} \left (-2 i+\sqrt {2}\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2 i+\sqrt {2}} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2\ 2^{5/8} \left (2 i+\sqrt {2}\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {i \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2 i+\sqrt {2}} x}{\sqrt [8]{2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{2} \left (2 i+\sqrt {2}\right )^{3/4}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.00 (sec) , antiderivative size = 78, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (1-x^4+x^8\right )}{x^6 \left (1+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (-1+6 x^4\right )}{5 x^5}-\frac {3}{8} \text {RootSum}\left [3-2 \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {-\log (x)+\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right )}{-\text {$\#$1}^3+\text {$\#$1}^7}\&\right ] \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 1.
Time = 116.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 5228, normalized size of antiderivative = 67.03
\[\text {output too large to display}\]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 3 vs. order 1.
Time = 5.11 (sec) , antiderivative size = 1586, normalized size of antiderivative = 20.33 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (1-x^4+x^8\right )}{x^6 \left (1+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
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Not integrable
Time = 61.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 34, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.44 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (1-x^4+x^8\right )}{x^6 \left (1+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt [4]{\left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + 1\right )} \left (x^{8} - x^{4} + 1\right )}{x^{6} \cdot \left (2 x^{8} + 1\right )}\, dx \]
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Not integrable
Time = 0.34 (sec) , antiderivative size = 32, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.41 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (1-x^4+x^8\right )}{x^6 \left (1+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (x^{8} - x^{4} + 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{{\left (2 \, x^{8} + 1\right )} x^{6}} \,d x } \]
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Exception generated. \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (1-x^4+x^8\right )}{x^6 \left (1+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\text {Exception raised: TypeError} \]
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Not integrable
Time = 0.00 (sec) , antiderivative size = 32, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.41 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x^4} \left (1-x^4+x^8\right )}{x^6 \left (1+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {{\left (x^4-1\right )}^{1/4}\,\left (x^8-x^4+1\right )}{x^6\,\left (2\,x^8+1\right )} \,d x \]
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