Integrand size = 24, antiderivative size = 86 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}}{-1-2 x+x^2} \, dx=-2 \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}}\right )+2 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \text {RootSum}\left [2-4 \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {-\log (x)+\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right )}{\text {$\#$1}^3}\&\right ] \]
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Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(365\) vs. \(2(86)=172\).
Time = 0.43 (sec) , antiderivative size = 365, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.24, number of steps used = 17, number of rules used = 10, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.417, Rules used = {2081, 919, 65, 246, 218, 212, 209, 6860, 95, 304} \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}}{-1-2 x+x^2} \, dx=\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{x-1}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x-1} x^{3/4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{10+7 \sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2-\sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{x-1}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{x-1} x^{3/4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{10-7 \sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2+\sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{x-1}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{x-1} x^{3/4}}+\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^3} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{x-1}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{x-1} x^{3/4}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{10+7 \sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^3} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2-\sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{x-1}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{x-1} x^{3/4}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{10-7 \sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^3} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2+\sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{x-1}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{x-1} x^{3/4}} \]
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Rule 65
Rule 95
Rule 209
Rule 212
Rule 218
Rule 246
Rule 304
Rule 919
Rule 2081
Rule 6860
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}{-1-2 x+x^2} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}} \\ & = \frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \int \frac {1}{(-1+x)^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{x}} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \int \frac {1+x}{(-1+x)^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{x} \left (-1-2 x+x^2\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}} \\ & = \frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \int \left (\frac {1+\sqrt {2}}{(-1+x)^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{x} \left (-2-2 \sqrt {2}+2 x\right )}+\frac {1-\sqrt {2}}{(-1+x)^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{x} \left (-2+2 \sqrt {2}+2 x\right )}\right ) \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (4 \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-1+x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (4 \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (\left (1-\sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}\right ) \int \frac {1}{(-1+x)^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{x} \left (-2+2 \sqrt {2}+2 x\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (\left (1+\sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}\right ) \int \frac {1}{(-1+x)^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{x} \left (-2-2 \sqrt {2}+2 x\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (2 \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (4 \left (1-\sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{-2+2 \sqrt {2}-2 \sqrt {2} x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (4 \left (1+\sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{-2-2 \sqrt {2}+2 \sqrt {2} x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}} \\ & = \frac {2 \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}+\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (\left (1-\sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}-\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}-\frac {\left (\left (1-\sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}+\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}-\frac {\left (\left (1+\sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}-\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (\left (1+\sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}+\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}} \\ & = \frac {2 \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{10+7 \sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2-\sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{10-7 \sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2+\sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}+\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{10+7 \sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2-\sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{10-7 \sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2+\sqrt {2}} \sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.00 (sec) , antiderivative size = 103, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.20 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}}{-1-2 x+x^2} \, dx=\frac {(-1+x)^{3/4} x^{9/4} \left (-4 \arctan \left (\frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{\frac {-1+x}{x}}}\right )+4 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{\frac {-1+x}{x}}}\right )+\text {RootSum}\left [2-4 \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {-\log \left (\sqrt [4]{x}\right )+\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-1+x}-\sqrt [4]{x} \text {$\#$1}\right )}{\text {$\#$1}^3}\&\right ]\right )}{2 \left ((-1+x) x^3\right )^{3/4}} \]
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Time = 0.00 (sec) , antiderivative size = 93, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.08
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(-\ln \left (\frac {\left (x^{3} \left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}-x}{x}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{3} \left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right )+\ln \left (\frac {\left (x^{3} \left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+x}{x}\right )+\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{8}-4 \textit {\_Z}^{4}+2\right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-\textit {\_R} x +\left (x^{3} \left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right )}{\textit {\_R}^{3}}\right )}{2}\) | \(93\) |
trager | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(3396\) |
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 3 vs. order 1.
Time = 0.33 (sec) , antiderivative size = 496, normalized size of antiderivative = 5.77 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}}{-1-2 x+x^2} \, dx=-\frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10}} \log \left (\frac {{\left (\sqrt {2} x - x\right )} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10}} + {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10}} \log \left (-\frac {{\left (\sqrt {2} x - x\right )} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10}} - {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\sqrt {-7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10}} \log \left (\frac {{\left (\sqrt {2} x + x\right )} \sqrt {-\sqrt {-7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10}} + {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\sqrt {-7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10}} \log \left (-\frac {{\left (\sqrt {2} x + x\right )} \sqrt {-\sqrt {-7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10}} - {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (\frac {{\left (\sqrt {2} x - x\right )} {\left (7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-\frac {{\left (\sqrt {2} x - x\right )} {\left (7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} - {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (-7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (\frac {{\left (\sqrt {2} x + x\right )} {\left (-7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (-7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-\frac {{\left (\sqrt {2} x + x\right )} {\left (-7 \, \sqrt {2} + 10\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} - {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) + 2 \, \arctan \left (\frac {{\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) + \log \left (\frac {x + {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) - \log \left (-\frac {x - {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) \]
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Not integrable
Time = 0.43 (sec) , antiderivative size = 19, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.22 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}}{-1-2 x+x^2} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt [4]{x^{3} \left (x - 1\right )}}{x^{2} - 2 x - 1}\, dx \]
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Not integrable
Time = 0.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 24, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.28 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}}{-1-2 x+x^2} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x^{2} - 2 \, x - 1} \,d x } \]
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Not integrable
Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 24, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.28 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}}{-1-2 x+x^2} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x^{2} - 2 \, x - 1} \,d x } \]
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Not integrable
Time = 0.00 (sec) , antiderivative size = 28, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.33 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}}{-1-2 x+x^2} \, dx=-\int \frac {{\left (x^4-x^3\right )}^{1/4}}{-x^2+2\,x+1} \,d x \]
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