Integrand size = 13, antiderivative size = 92 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}}{4 x^4}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {3}}-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{12} \log \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}\right )+\frac {1}{24} \log \left (1-\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}+\left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.03 (sec) , antiderivative size = 68, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.74, number of steps used = 6, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.462, Rules used = {272, 44, 58, 632, 210, 31} \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {1-2 \sqrt [3]{x^4-1}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{2/3}}{4 x^4}-\frac {1}{8} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{x^4-1}+1\right )+\frac {\log (x)}{6} \]
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Rule 31
Rule 44
Rule 58
Rule 210
Rule 272
Rule 632
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{4} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{-1+x} x^2} \, dx,x,x^4\right ) \\ & = \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}}{4 x^4}+\frac {1}{12} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{-1+x} x} \, dx,x,x^4\right ) \\ & = \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}}{4 x^4}+\frac {\log (x)}{6}-\frac {1}{8} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x} \, dx,x,\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}\right )+\frac {1}{8} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}\right ) \\ & = \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}}{4 x^4}+\frac {\log (x)}{6}-\frac {1}{8} \log \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}\right )-\frac {1}{4} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,-1+2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}\right ) \\ & = \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}}{4 x^4}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {1-2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\log (x)}{6}-\frac {1}{8} \log \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.09 (sec) , antiderivative size = 83, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.90 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {1}{24} \left (\frac {6 \left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}}{x^4}-2 \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1-2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )-2 \log \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}\right )+\log \left (1-\sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}+\left (-1+x^4\right )^{2/3}\right )\right ) \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 4.64 (sec) , antiderivative size = 96, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.04
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {\left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{4 x^{4}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right ) {\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{4}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} \left (\frac {2 \pi \sqrt {3}\, x^{4} \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [1, 1, \frac {4}{3}\right ], \left [2, 2\right ], x^{4}\right )}{9 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}+\frac {2 \left (-\frac {\pi \sqrt {3}}{6}-\frac {3 \ln \left (3\right )}{2}+4 \ln \left (x \right )+i \pi \right ) \pi \sqrt {3}}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}\right )}{24 \pi \operatorname {signum}\left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\) | \(96\) |
meijerg | \(-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right ) {\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{4}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} \left (-\frac {4 \pi \sqrt {3}\, x^{4} \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [1, 1, \frac {7}{3}\right ], \left [2, 3\right ], x^{4}\right )}{27 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}-\frac {2 \left (2-\frac {\pi \sqrt {3}}{6}-\frac {3 \ln \left (3\right )}{2}+4 \ln \left (x \right )+i \pi \right ) \pi \sqrt {3}}{9 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}+\frac {2 \pi \sqrt {3}}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right ) x^{4}}\right )}{8 \pi \operatorname {signum}\left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\) | \(97\) |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {2 \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right ) x^{4}-2 \ln \left (1+\left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) x^{4}+\ln \left (1-\left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right ) x^{4}+6 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{24 \left (1+\left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) \left (1-\left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}\) | \(107\) |
trager | \(\frac {\left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{4 x^{4}}-\frac {\ln \left (-\frac {8852696853933772800 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{4}+181557103383026640 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{4}+183192551562286 x^{4}+74249290852441200 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-141643149662940364800 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}-433058965335588240 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+601470785188317 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-310581659433945600 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )+704594800261152 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-170107369307837}{x^{4}}\right )}{12}+\frac {\ln \left (-\frac {18286560000 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{4}-390343680 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{4}+195285 x^{4}+134531280 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-292584960000 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}+614684160 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-853728 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+886520880 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )-666879 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-377551}{x^{4}}\right )}{12}-60 \ln \left (-\frac {18286560000 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{4}-390343680 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{4}+195285 x^{4}+134531280 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-292584960000 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}+614684160 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-853728 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+886520880 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )-666879 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-377551}{x^{4}}\right ) \operatorname {RootOf}\left (518400 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-720 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )\) | \(430\) |
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Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 80, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.87 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} x^{4} \arctan \left (\frac {2}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} - \frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3}\right ) + x^{4} \log \left ({\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} - {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) - 2 \, x^{4} \log \left ({\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) + 6 \, {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{24 \, x^{4}} \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.79 (sec) , antiderivative size = 34, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.37 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}} \, dx=- \frac {\Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} \frac {1}{3}, \frac {4}{3} \\ \frac {7}{3} \end {matrix}\middle | {\frac {e^{2 i \pi }}{x^{4}}} \right )}}{4 x^{\frac {16}{3}} \Gamma \left (\frac {7}{3}\right )} \]
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Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 68, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.74 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} - 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {{\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{4 \, x^{4}} + \frac {1}{24} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} - {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{12} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) \]
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Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 69, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.75 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} - 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {{\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{4 \, x^{4}} + \frac {1}{24} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} - {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{12} \, \log \left ({\left | {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1 \right |}\right ) \]
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Time = 5.86 (sec) , antiderivative size = 92, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {{\left (x^4-1\right )}^{2/3}}{4\,x^4}-\ln \left (9\,{\left (-\frac {1}{24}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{24}\right )}^2+\frac {{\left (x^4-1\right )}^{1/3}}{16}\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{24}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{24}\right )+\ln \left (9\,{\left (\frac {1}{24}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{24}\right )}^2+\frac {{\left (x^4-1\right )}^{1/3}}{16}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{24}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{24}\right )-\frac {\ln \left (\frac {{\left (x^4-1\right )}^{1/3}}{16}+\frac {1}{16}\right )}{12} \]
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