Integrand size = 13, antiderivative size = 92 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{x^6} \, dx=-\frac {\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{5 x^5}-\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {3}}-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^5}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{5 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {2}{15} \log \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^5}\right )+\frac {1}{15} \log \left (1-\sqrt [3]{-1+x^5}+\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.03 (sec) , antiderivative size = 68, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.74, number of steps used = 6, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.462, Rules used = {272, 43, 58, 632, 210, 31} \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{x^6} \, dx=-\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {1-2 \sqrt [3]{x^5-1}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{5 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {\left (x^5-1\right )^{2/3}}{5 x^5}-\frac {1}{5} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{x^5-1}+1\right )+\frac {\log (x)}{3} \]
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Rule 31
Rule 43
Rule 58
Rule 210
Rule 272
Rule 632
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{5} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {(-1+x)^{2/3}}{x^2} \, dx,x,x^5\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{5 x^5}+\frac {2}{15} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{-1+x} x} \, dx,x,x^5\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{5 x^5}+\frac {\log (x)}{3}-\frac {1}{5} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x} \, dx,x,\sqrt [3]{-1+x^5}\right )+\frac {1}{5} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [3]{-1+x^5}\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{5 x^5}+\frac {\log (x)}{3}-\frac {1}{5} \log \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^5}\right )-\frac {2}{5} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,-1+2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^5}\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{5 x^5}-\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {1-2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^5}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{5 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\log (x)}{3}-\frac {1}{5} \log \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^5}\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.10 (sec) , antiderivative size = 83, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.90 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{x^6} \, dx=\frac {1}{15} \left (-\frac {3 \left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{x^5}-2 \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1-2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^5}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )-2 \log \left (1+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^5}\right )+\log \left (1-\sqrt [3]{-1+x^5}+\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}\right )\right ) \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 6.77 (sec) , antiderivative size = 96, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.04
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {\left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{5 x^{5}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right ) {\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{5}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} \left (\frac {2 \pi \sqrt {3}\, x^{5} \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [1, 1, \frac {4}{3}\right ], \left [2, 2\right ], x^{5}\right )}{9 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}+\frac {2 \left (-\frac {\pi \sqrt {3}}{6}-\frac {3 \ln \left (3\right )}{2}+5 \ln \left (x \right )+i \pi \right ) \pi \sqrt {3}}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}\right )}{15 \pi \operatorname {signum}\left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\) | \(96\) |
meijerg | \(\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right ) \operatorname {signum}\left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \left (-\frac {\pi \sqrt {3}\, x^{5} \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [1, 1, \frac {4}{3}\right ], \left [2, 3\right ], x^{5}\right )}{9 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}-\frac {2 \left (-\frac {\pi \sqrt {3}}{6}-\frac {3 \ln \left (3\right )}{2}-1+5 \ln \left (x \right )+i \pi \right ) \pi \sqrt {3}}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )}-\frac {\pi \sqrt {3}}{\Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right ) x^{5}}\right )}{15 \pi {\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{5}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}\) | \(97\) |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {2 \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 \left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right ) x^{5}-2 \ln \left (1+\left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) x^{5}+\ln \left (1-\left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right ) x^{5}-3 \left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{15 \left (1+\left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) \left (1-\left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}\) | \(107\) |
trager | \(-\frac {\left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{5 x^{5}}-\frac {2 \ln \left (\frac {30885108600167424 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9216 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-96 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{5}-10233787081119648 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9216 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-96 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{5}+84110350331074 x^{5}-12071260649204448 \left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9216 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-96 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )-988323475205357568 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9216 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-96 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}+5593680301194816 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9216 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-96 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+184009801566659 \left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+27959977150455072 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9216 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-96 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )+125742298429213 \left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-165507463554694}{x^{5}}\right )}{15}+\frac {64 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9216 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-96 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \ln \left (-\frac {25005193182296064 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9216 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-96 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{5}+7492402988215776 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9216 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-96 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{5}-100537462891170 x^{5}-12071260649204448 \left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9216 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-96 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )-800166181833474048 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9216 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-96 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}-17664940950399264 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9216 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-96 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-58267503137446 \left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+2741384092903872 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (9216 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-96 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )+125742298429213 \left (x^{5}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+97186214128131}{x^{5}}\right )}{5}\) | \(294\) |
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Time = 0.24 (sec) , antiderivative size = 80, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.87 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{x^6} \, dx=\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} x^{5} \arctan \left (\frac {2}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} - \frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3}\right ) + x^{5} \log \left ({\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} - {\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) - 2 \, x^{5} \log \left ({\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) - 3 \, {\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{15 \, x^{5}} \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.85 (sec) , antiderivative size = 36, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.39 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{x^6} \, dx=- \frac {\Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {2}{3}, \frac {1}{3} \\ \frac {4}{3} \end {matrix}\middle | {\frac {e^{2 i \pi }}{x^{5}}} \right )}}{5 x^{\frac {5}{3}} \Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right )} \]
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Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 68, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.74 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{x^6} \, dx=\frac {2}{15} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, {\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} - 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {{\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{5 \, x^{5}} + \frac {1}{15} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} - {\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) - \frac {2}{15} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) \]
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Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 69, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.75 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{x^6} \, dx=\frac {2}{15} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, {\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} - 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {{\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{5 \, x^{5}} + \frac {1}{15} \, \log \left ({\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} - {\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) - \frac {2}{15} \, \log \left ({\left | {\left (x^{5} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1 \right |}\right ) \]
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Time = 5.86 (sec) , antiderivative size = 92, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^5\right )^{2/3}}{x^6} \, dx=-\frac {2\,\ln \left (\frac {4\,{\left (x^5-1\right )}^{1/3}}{25}+\frac {4}{25}\right )}{15}-\ln \left (9\,{\left (-\frac {1}{15}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{15}\right )}^2+\frac {4\,{\left (x^5-1\right )}^{1/3}}{25}\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{15}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{15}\right )+\ln \left (9\,{\left (\frac {1}{15}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{15}\right )}^2+\frac {4\,{\left (x^5-1\right )}^{1/3}}{25}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{15}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{15}\right )-\frac {{\left (x^5-1\right )}^{2/3}}{5\,x^5} \]
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