Integrand size = 37, antiderivative size = 94 \[ \int \frac {1+3 x^4+x^8}{x^2 \left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+3 x^4+3 x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{x}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{-x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}} \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.47 (sec) , antiderivative size = 347, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.69, number of steps used = 13, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.189, Rules used = {6860, 270, 1542, 508, 304, 211, 214} \[ \int \frac {1+3 x^4+x^8}{x^2 \left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+3 x^4+3 x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {1}{6} \left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+3 i}{\sqrt {3}+3 i}} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+3 i}{\sqrt {3}+3 i}} \sqrt [4]{x^4+1}}\right )-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+3 i}{\sqrt {3}+3 i}} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4+1}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+3 i}{\sqrt {3}+3 i}}}+\frac {1}{6} \left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+3 i}{\sqrt {3}+3 i}} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+3 i}{\sqrt {3}+3 i}} \sqrt [4]{x^4+1}}\right )+\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+3 i}{\sqrt {3}+3 i}} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4+1}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{-\frac {-\sqrt {3}+3 i}{\sqrt {3}+3 i}}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{x^4+1}}{x} \]
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Rule 211
Rule 214
Rule 270
Rule 304
Rule 508
Rule 1542
Rule 6860
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \int \left (\frac {1}{x^2 \left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {2 x^6}{\left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+3 x^4+3 x^8\right )}\right ) \, dx \\ & = -\left (2 \int \frac {x^6}{\left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+3 x^4+3 x^8\right )} \, dx\right )+\int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{x}-2 \int \left (\frac {i \left (-3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) x^2}{\sqrt {3} \left (-3+i \sqrt {3}-6 x^4\right ) \left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {i \left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) x^2}{\sqrt {3} \left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (3+i \sqrt {3}+6 x^4\right )}\right ) \, dx \\ & = -\frac {\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{x}-\left (2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )\right ) \int \frac {x^2}{\left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (3+i \sqrt {3}+6 x^4\right )} \, dx+\left (2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )\right ) \int \frac {x^2}{\left (-3+i \sqrt {3}-6 x^4\right ) \left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{x}-\left (2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{3+i \sqrt {3}-\left (-3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )+\left (2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{-3+i \sqrt {3}-\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{x}-\frac {\left (i-\sqrt {3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {3 i+\sqrt {3}}-\sqrt {-3 i+\sqrt {3}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {-3 i+\sqrt {3}}}+\frac {\left (i-\sqrt {3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {3 i+\sqrt {3}}+\sqrt {-3 i+\sqrt {3}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {-3 i+\sqrt {3}}}+\frac {\left (i+\sqrt {3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-3 i+\sqrt {3}}-\sqrt {3 i+\sqrt {3}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {3 i+\sqrt {3}}}-\frac {\left (i+\sqrt {3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-3 i+\sqrt {3}}+\sqrt {3 i+\sqrt {3}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {3 i+\sqrt {3}}} \\ & = -\frac {\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{x}-\frac {1}{2} \left (1+\frac {i}{\sqrt {3}}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-\frac {3 i-\sqrt {3}}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-\frac {3 i-\sqrt {3}}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )-\frac {\left (1-\frac {i}{\sqrt {3}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-\frac {3 i-\sqrt {3}}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{-\frac {3 i-\sqrt {3}}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}}}+\frac {1}{2} \left (1+\frac {i}{\sqrt {3}}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-\frac {3 i-\sqrt {3}}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-\frac {3 i-\sqrt {3}}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}} \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )+\frac {\left (1-\frac {i}{\sqrt {3}}\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-\frac {3 i-\sqrt {3}}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{-\frac {3 i-\sqrt {3}}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.53 (sec) , antiderivative size = 112, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.19 \[ \int \frac {1+3 x^4+x^8}{x^2 \left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+3 x^4+3 x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{x}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{x-2 \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{x+2 \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}} \]
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Time = 49.72 (sec) , antiderivative size = 136, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.45
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \ln \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x +x^{2}+\sqrt {x^{4}+1}}{x^{2}}\right ) x -\sqrt {3}\, \ln \left (\frac {-\sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x +x^{2}+\sqrt {x^{4}+1}}{x^{2}}\right ) x +2 \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+x \right ) \sqrt {3}}{3 x}\right ) x -2 \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (-2 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+x \right ) \sqrt {3}}{3 x}\right ) x -6 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{6 x}\) | \(136\) |
trager | \(-\frac {\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}-\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right ) \ln \left (-\frac {12 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right ) \sqrt {x^{4}+1}\, x^{6}-9 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right ) x^{8}-18 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{5}+18 x^{7} \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+6 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right ) \sqrt {x^{4}+1}\, x^{2}-9 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right ) x^{4}-6 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x +12 x^{3} \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}-\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right )}{3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1}\right )}{6}+\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right ) \ln \left (\frac {12 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right ) \sqrt {x^{4}+1}\, x^{6}+9 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right ) x^{8}+18 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{5}+18 x^{7} \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+6 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right ) \sqrt {x^{4}+1}\, x^{2}+9 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right ) x^{4}+6 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x +12 x^{3} \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right )}{3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1}\right )}{6}\) | \(287\) |
risch | \(-\frac {\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}+\frac {\left (-\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right ) \ln \left (-\frac {9 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right ) x^{16}-18 \left (x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{13}+12 \sqrt {x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right ) x^{10}+27 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right ) x^{12}-18 \left (x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{7}-42 \left (x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{9}+18 \sqrt {x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right ) x^{6}+28 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right ) x^{8}-12 \left (x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{3}-30 \left (x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{5}+6 \sqrt {x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right ) x^{2}+11 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right ) x^{4}-6 \left (x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x +\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-3\right )}{\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{2} \left (3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )}\right )}{6}+\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right ) \ln \left (-\frac {-9 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right ) x^{16}+18 \left (x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{13}+12 \sqrt {x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right ) x^{10}-27 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right ) x^{12}-18 \left (x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{7}+42 \left (x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{9}+18 \sqrt {x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right ) x^{6}-28 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right ) x^{8}-12 \left (x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{3}+30 \left (x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{5}+6 \sqrt {x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right ) x^{2}-11 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right ) x^{4}+6 \left (x^{12}+3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x -\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3\right )}{\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{2} \left (3 x^{8}+3 x^{4}+1\right )}\right )}{6}\right ) {\left (\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}\) | \(628\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 227 vs. \(2 (78) = 156\).
Time = 11.62 (sec) , antiderivative size = 227, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.41 \[ \int \frac {1+3 x^4+x^8}{x^2 \left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+3 x^4+3 x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} x \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, {\left (\sqrt {3} {\left (3 \, x^{5} - x\right )} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} - \sqrt {3} {\left (3 \, x^{7} + 4 \, x^{3}\right )} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{21 \, x^{8} + 21 \, x^{4} - 1}\right ) - \sqrt {3} x \log \left (-\frac {441 \, x^{16} + 882 \, x^{12} + 543 \, x^{8} + 102 \, x^{4} + 4 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (63 \, x^{13} + 78 \, x^{9} + 24 \, x^{5} + x\right )} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} + 4 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (63 \, x^{15} + 111 \, x^{11} + 57 \, x^{7} + 8 \, x^{3}\right )} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + 24 \, {\left (18 \, x^{14} + 27 \, x^{10} + 11 \, x^{6} + x^{2}\right )} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} + 1}{9 \, x^{16} + 18 \, x^{12} + 15 \, x^{8} + 6 \, x^{4} + 1}\right ) + 12 \, {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{12 \, x} \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1+3 x^4+x^8}{x^2 \left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+3 x^4+3 x^8\right )} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
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\[ \int \frac {1+3 x^4+x^8}{x^2 \left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+3 x^4+3 x^8\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{8} + 3 \, x^{4} + 1}{{\left (3 \, x^{8} + 3 \, x^{4} + 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{2}} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {1+3 x^4+x^8}{x^2 \left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+3 x^4+3 x^8\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{8} + 3 \, x^{4} + 1}{{\left (3 \, x^{8} + 3 \, x^{4} + 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{2}} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1+3 x^4+x^8}{x^2 \left (1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (1+3 x^4+3 x^8\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {x^8+3\,x^4+1}{x^2\,{\left (x^4+1\right )}^{3/4}\,\left (3\,x^8+3\,x^4+1\right )} \,d x \]
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