Integrand size = 36, antiderivative size = 100 \[ \int \frac {-b+2 a x^4}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\frac {1}{4} \text {RootSum}\left [2 a^2-b-3 a \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {3 a \log (x)-3 a \log \left (\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right )-\log (x) \text {$\#$1}^4+\log \left (\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right ) \text {$\#$1}^4}{3 a \text {$\#$1}-2 \text {$\#$1}^5}\&\right ] \]
[Out]
Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(479\) vs. \(2(100)=200\).
Time = 0.73 (sec) , antiderivative size = 479, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.79, number of steps used = 10, number of rules used = 5, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.139, Rules used = {6860, 385, 218, 214, 211} \[ \int \frac {-b+2 a x^4}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\frac {\left (a-\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {x \sqrt [4]{-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}+a^2-2 b}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^4+b}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}+a^2-2 b}}+\frac {\left (\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}+a\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {x \sqrt [4]{a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}+a^2-2 b}}{\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}+a} \sqrt [4]{a x^4+b}}\right )}{\left (\sqrt {a^2+4 b}+a\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}+a^2-2 b}}+\frac {\left (a-\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x \sqrt [4]{-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}+a^2-2 b}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^4+b}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}+a^2-2 b}}+\frac {\left (\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}+a\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x \sqrt [4]{a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}+a^2-2 b}}{\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}+a} \sqrt [4]{a x^4+b}}\right )}{\left (\sqrt {a^2+4 b}+a\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}+a^2-2 b}} \]
[In]
[Out]
Rule 211
Rule 214
Rule 218
Rule 385
Rule 6860
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \int \left (\frac {2 a-\frac {2 \left (a^2+b\right )}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}+\frac {2 a+\frac {2 \left (a^2+b\right )}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}{\left (a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right ) \, dx \\ & = \left (2 \left (a-\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}} \, dx+\left (2 \left (a+\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}} \, dx \\ & = \left (2 \left (a-\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}-\left (-2 b+a \left (a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )+\left (2 \left (a+\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}-\left (-2 b+a \left (a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right ) \\ & = \frac {\left (a-\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}-\sqrt {a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}+\frac {\left (a-\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}+\sqrt {a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}+\frac {\left (a+\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}-\sqrt {a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}+\frac {\left (a+\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}+\sqrt {a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}} \\ & = \frac {\left (a-\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} x}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}+\frac {\left (a+\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} x}{\sqrt [4]{a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\left (a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}+\frac {\left (a-\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} x}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}+\frac {\left (a+\frac {a^2+b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} x}{\sqrt [4]{a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\left (a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.84 (sec) , antiderivative size = 100, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {-b+2 a x^4}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\frac {1}{4} \text {RootSum}\left [2 a^2-b-3 a \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {-3 a \log (x)+3 a \log \left (\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right )+\log (x) \text {$\#$1}^4-\log \left (\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right ) \text {$\#$1}^4}{-3 a \text {$\#$1}+2 \text {$\#$1}^5}\&\right ] \]
[In]
[Out]
Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 66, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.66
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(-\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{8}-3 a \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+2 a^{2}-b \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (\textit {\_R}^{4}-3 a \right ) \ln \left (\frac {-\textit {\_R} x +\left (a \,x^{4}+b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right )}{\textit {\_R} \left (2 \textit {\_R}^{4}-3 a \right )}\right )}{4}\) | \(66\) |
[In]
[Out]
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {-b+2 a x^4}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
[In]
[Out]
Not integrable
Time = 66.54 (sec) , antiderivative size = 29, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.29 \[ \int \frac {-b+2 a x^4}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {2 a x^{4} - b}{\sqrt [4]{a x^{4} + b} \left (a x^{4} - b + x^{8}\right )}\, dx \]
[In]
[Out]
Not integrable
Time = 0.24 (sec) , antiderivative size = 36, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.36 \[ \int \frac {-b+2 a x^4}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {2 \, a x^{4} - b}{{\left (x^{8} + a x^{4} - b\right )} {\left (a x^{4} + b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}} \,d x } \]
[In]
[Out]
Not integrable
Time = 1.62 (sec) , antiderivative size = 36, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.36 \[ \int \frac {-b+2 a x^4}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {2 \, a x^{4} - b}{{\left (x^{8} + a x^{4} - b\right )} {\left (a x^{4} + b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}} \,d x } \]
[In]
[Out]
Not integrable
Time = 6.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 35, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.35 \[ \int \frac {-b+2 a x^4}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\int -\frac {b-2\,a\,x^4}{{\left (a\,x^4+b\right )}^{1/4}\,\left (x^8+a\,x^4-b\right )} \,d x \]
[In]
[Out]