Integrand size = 32, antiderivative size = 101 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {2 x^4 \sqrt {1+x^4}+x^2 \left (3+2 x^4\right )}{8 x \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}-\frac {11 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{1+x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2}} \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 161, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.59, number of steps used = 11, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.219, Rules used = {6874, 2157, 212, 2158, 327, 222, 221} \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {3 i \arcsin \left (\sqrt [4]{-1} x\right )}{8 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {3 \text {arcsinh}\left (\sqrt [4]{-1} x\right )}{8 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt {\sqrt {x^4+1}+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}+\left (\frac {3}{16}-\frac {3 i}{16}\right ) \sqrt {1-i x^2} x+\left (\frac {3}{16}+\frac {3 i}{16}\right ) \sqrt {1+i x^2} x+\left (\frac {1}{8}+\frac {i}{8}\right ) \sqrt {1-i x^2} x^3+\left (\frac {1}{8}-\frac {i}{8}\right ) \sqrt {1+i x^2} x^3 \]
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Rule 212
Rule 221
Rule 222
Rule 327
Rule 2157
Rule 2158
Rule 6874
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \int \left (-\frac {\sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\sqrt {1+x^4}}+\frac {x^4 \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\sqrt {1+x^4}}\right ) \, dx \\ & = -\int \frac {\sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx+\int \frac {x^4 \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx \\ & = \left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i}{2}\right ) \int \frac {x^4}{\sqrt {1-i x^2}} \, dx+\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i}{2}\right ) \int \frac {x^4}{\sqrt {1+i x^2}} \, dx-\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-2 x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}\right ) \\ & = \left (\frac {1}{8}+\frac {i}{8}\right ) x^3 \sqrt {1-i x^2}+\left (\frac {1}{8}-\frac {i}{8}\right ) x^3 \sqrt {1+i x^2}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}+\left (-\frac {3}{8}-\frac {3 i}{8}\right ) \int \frac {x^2}{\sqrt {1-i x^2}} \, dx+\left (-\frac {3}{8}+\frac {3 i}{8}\right ) \int \frac {x^2}{\sqrt {1+i x^2}} \, dx \\ & = \left (\frac {3}{16}-\frac {3 i}{16}\right ) x \sqrt {1-i x^2}+\left (\frac {1}{8}+\frac {i}{8}\right ) x^3 \sqrt {1-i x^2}+\left (\frac {3}{16}+\frac {3 i}{16}\right ) x \sqrt {1+i x^2}+\left (\frac {1}{8}-\frac {i}{8}\right ) x^3 \sqrt {1+i x^2}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}+\left (-\frac {3}{16}-\frac {3 i}{16}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1+i x^2}} \, dx+\left (-\frac {3}{16}+\frac {3 i}{16}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1-i x^2}} \, dx \\ & = \left (\frac {3}{16}-\frac {3 i}{16}\right ) x \sqrt {1-i x^2}+\left (\frac {1}{8}+\frac {i}{8}\right ) x^3 \sqrt {1-i x^2}+\left (\frac {3}{16}+\frac {3 i}{16}\right ) x \sqrt {1+i x^2}+\left (\frac {1}{8}-\frac {i}{8}\right ) x^3 \sqrt {1+i x^2}+\frac {3 i \arcsin \left (\sqrt [4]{-1} x\right )}{8 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {3 \text {arcsinh}\left (\sqrt [4]{-1} x\right )}{8 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.25 (sec) , antiderivative size = 109, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.08 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {3 x+2 x^5+2 x^3 \sqrt {1+x^4}-11 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {-1+x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}{\sqrt {2} x \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}} \]
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\[\int \frac {\left (x^{4}-1\right ) \sqrt {x^{2}+\sqrt {x^{4}+1}}}{\sqrt {x^{4}+1}}d x\]
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none
Time = 0.57 (sec) , antiderivative size = 90, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.89 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {1}{8} \, {\left (x^{3} - 3 \, \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x\right )} \sqrt {x^{2} + \sqrt {x^{4} + 1}} + \frac {11}{32} \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (4 \, x^{4} + 4 \, \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} - 2 \, {\left (\sqrt {2} x^{3} + \sqrt {2} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x\right )} \sqrt {x^{2} + \sqrt {x^{4} + 1}} + 1\right ) \]
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Time = 20.10 (sec) , antiderivative size = 32, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.32 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=- \frac {{G_{3, 3}^{2, 2}\left (\begin {matrix} 1, 1 & \frac {1}{2} \\\frac {1}{4}, \frac {3}{4} & 0 \end {matrix} \middle | {x^{4}} \right )}}{4 \sqrt {\pi }} + \frac {{G_{3, 3}^{2, 2}\left (\begin {matrix} 2, 1 & \frac {3}{2} \\\frac {5}{4}, \frac {7}{4} & 0 \end {matrix} \middle | {x^{4}} \right )}}{4 \sqrt {\pi }} \]
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\[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (x^{4} - 1\right )} \sqrt {x^{2} + \sqrt {x^{4} + 1}}}{\sqrt {x^{4} + 1}} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (x^{4} - 1\right )} \sqrt {x^{2} + \sqrt {x^{4} + 1}}}{\sqrt {x^{4} + 1}} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {\left (x^4-1\right )\,\sqrt {\sqrt {x^4+1}+x^2}}{\sqrt {x^4+1}} \,d x \]
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