Integrand size = 13, antiderivative size = 102 \[ \int x^3 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \, dx=\frac {1}{18} \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (-2 x+3 x^4\right )-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{x+2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}}\right )}{9 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {1}{27} \log \left (-x+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}\right )-\frac {1}{54} \log \left (x^2+x \sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}+\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.01 (sec) , antiderivative size = 79, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.77, number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 3, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.231, Rules used = {285, 327, 245} \[ \int x^3 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{x^3-1}}+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{9 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{9} \left (x^3-1\right )^{2/3} x+\frac {1}{18} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{x^3-1}-x\right )+\frac {1}{6} \left (x^3-1\right )^{2/3} x^4 \]
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Rule 245
Rule 285
Rule 327
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{6} x^4 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}-\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {x^3}{\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {1}{9} x \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}+\frac {1}{6} x^4 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}-\frac {1}{9} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {1}{9} x \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}+\frac {1}{6} x^4 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{9 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {1}{18} \log \left (-x+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.19 (sec) , antiderivative size = 97, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.95 \[ \int x^3 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \, dx=\frac {1}{54} \left (3 x \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (-2+3 x^3\right )-2 \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{x+2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}}\right )+2 \log \left (-x+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}\right )-\log \left (x^2+x \sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}+\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}\right )\right ) \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 1.12 (sec) , antiderivative size = 33, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.32
method | result | size |
meijerg | \(\frac {\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x^{4} \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [-\frac {2}{3}, \frac {4}{3}\right ], \left [\frac {7}{3}\right ], x^{3}\right )}{4 {\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}\) | \(33\) |
risch | \(\frac {x \left (3 x^{3}-2\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{18}-\frac {{\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} x \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [\frac {1}{3}, \frac {1}{3}\right ], \left [\frac {4}{3}\right ], x^{3}\right )}{9 \operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\) | \(49\) |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {-\ln \left (\frac {x^{2}+x \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{2}}\right )+2 \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (x +2 \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{3 x}\right )+2 \ln \left (\frac {-x +\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x}\right )+\left (9 x^{4}-6 x \right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{54 {\left (\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+x \left (x +\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )\right )}^{2} {\left (x -\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}^{2}}\) | \(125\) |
trager | \(\frac {x \left (3 x^{3}-2\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{18}+\frac {\ln \left (-2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{3}+3 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x -5 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{3}+3 x \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-3 x^{2} \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-2 x^{3}+2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\textit {\_Z} +1\right )+1\right )}{27}+\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \ln \left (2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{3}+3 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{2}-\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{3}+3 x \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-x^{3}+2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\textit {\_Z} +1\right )+1\right )}{27}\) | \(184\) |
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Time = 0.56 (sec) , antiderivative size = 94, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.92 \[ \int x^3 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \, dx=\frac {1}{18} \, {\left (3 \, x^{4} - 2 \, x\right )} {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} + \frac {1}{27} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x + 2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{3 \, x}\right ) + \frac {1}{27} \, \log \left (-\frac {x - {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x}\right ) - \frac {1}{54} \, \log \left (\frac {x^{2} + {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} x + {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{2}}\right ) \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 1.12 (sec) , antiderivative size = 34, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.33 \[ \int x^3 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \, dx=\frac {x^{4} e^{\frac {2 i \pi }{3}} \Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {2}{3}, \frac {4}{3} \\ \frac {7}{3} \end {matrix}\middle | {x^{3}} \right )}}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {7}{3}\right )} \]
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Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 121, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.19 \[ \int x^3 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \, dx=\frac {1}{27} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (\frac {2 \, {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x} + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {\frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{2}} + \frac {2 \, {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {5}{3}}}{x^{5}}}{18 \, {\left (\frac {2 \, {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}}{x^{3}} - \frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{2}}{x^{6}} - 1\right )}} - \frac {1}{54} \, \log \left (\frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x} + \frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{2}} + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{27} \, \log \left (\frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x} - 1\right ) \]
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\[ \int x^3 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \, dx=\int { {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} x^{3} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int x^3 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \, dx=\int x^3\,{\left (x^3-1\right )}^{2/3} \,d x \]
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