Integrand size = 40, antiderivative size = 108 \[ \int \frac {-1+k^3 x^3}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1+k^3 x^3\right )} \, dx=-\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {(1+k) x}{\sqrt {x+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^3}}\right )}{3 (1+k)}-\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {1-k+k^2} \sqrt {x+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^3}}{(-1+x) \left (-1+k^2 x\right )}\right )}{3 \sqrt {1-k+k^2}} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 4 vs. order 3 in optimal.
Time = 1.50 (sec) , antiderivative size = 364, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.37, number of steps used = 20, number of rules used = 9, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.225, Rules used = {6850, 6820, 6857, 728, 116, 948, 12, 174, 551} \[ \int \frac {-1+k^3 x^3}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1+k^3 x^3\right )} \, dx=\frac {4 (1-x) \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (-\frac {1}{k},\arcsin \left (\sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {-x}\right ),\frac {1}{k^2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {x-x^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {4 (1-x) \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1}}{k},\arcsin \left (\sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {-x}\right ),\frac {1}{k^2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {x-x^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {4 (1-x) \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (-\frac {(-1)^{2/3}}{k},\arcsin \left (\sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {-x}\right ),\frac {1}{k^2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {x-x^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {x}\right ),k^2\right )}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \]
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Rule 12
Rule 116
Rule 174
Rule 551
Rule 728
Rule 948
Rule 6820
Rule 6850
Rule 6857
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {-1+k^3 x^3}{\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \left (1+k^3 x^3\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \\ & = \frac {\left (\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {-1+k^3 x^3}{\sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2} \left (1+k^3 x^3\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \\ & = \frac {\left (\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2}}-\frac {2}{\sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2} \left (1+k^3 x^3\right )}\right ) \, dx}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \\ & = \frac {\left (\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \, dx}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}-\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2} \left (1+k^3 x^3\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \\ & = \frac {\left (\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}} \, dx}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}-\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \left (-\frac {1}{3 (-1-k x) \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2}}-\frac {1}{3 \left (-1+\sqrt [3]{-1} k x\right ) \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2}}-\frac {1}{3 \left (-1-(-1)^{2/3} k x\right ) \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2}}\right ) \, dx}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \\ & = \frac {2 \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {x}\right ),k^2\right )}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{(-1-k x) \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (-1+\sqrt [3]{-1} k x\right ) \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (-1-(-1)^{2/3} k x\right ) \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \\ & = \frac {2 \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {x}\right ),k^2\right )}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {-x} (-1-k x) \sqrt {1-k^2 x}} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {-x} \left (-1+\sqrt [3]{-1} k x\right ) \sqrt {1-k^2 x}} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {-x} \left (-1-(-1)^{2/3} k x\right ) \sqrt {1-k^2 x}} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \\ & = \frac {2 \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {x}\right ),k^2\right )}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {-x} (-1-k x) \sqrt {1-k^2 x}} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {-x} \left (-1+\sqrt [3]{-1} k x\right ) \sqrt {1-k^2 x}} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {-x} \left (-1-(-1)^{2/3} k x\right ) \sqrt {1-k^2 x}} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \\ & = \frac {2 \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {x}\right ),k^2\right )}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}-\frac {\left (4 \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2+2 x^2} \left (-1+k x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+k^2 x^2}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {-x}\right )}{3 \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}}-\frac {\left (4 \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2+2 x^2} \left (-1-\sqrt [3]{-1} k x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+k^2 x^2}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {-x}\right )}{3 \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}}-\frac {\left (4 \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2+2 x^2} \left (-1+(-1)^{2/3} k x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+k^2 x^2}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {-x}\right )}{3 \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \\ & = \frac {2 \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {x}\right ),k^2\right )}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {4 (1-x) \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (-\frac {1}{k},\arcsin \left (\sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {-x}\right ),\frac {1}{k^2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}}+\frac {4 (1-x) \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1}}{k},\arcsin \left (\sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {-x}\right ),\frac {1}{k^2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}}+\frac {4 (1-x) \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (-\frac {(-1)^{2/3}}{k},\arcsin \left (\sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {-x}\right ),\frac {1}{k^2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 15.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 79, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.73 \[ \int \frac {-1+k^3 x^3}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1+k^3 x^3\right )} \, dx=-\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {(1+k) x}{\sqrt {(-1+x) x \left (-1+k^2 x\right )}}\right )}{3 (1+k)}-\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {1-k+k^2} x}{\sqrt {(-1+x) x \left (-1+k^2 x\right )}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {1-k+k^2}} \]
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Time = 1.05 (sec) , antiderivative size = 76, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.70
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\left (-1+x \right ) x \left (k^{2} x -1\right )}}{\left (1+k \right ) x}\right )}{3+3 k}+\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\left (-1+x \right ) x \left (k^{2} x -1\right )}}{x \sqrt {k^{2}-k +1}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {k^{2}-k +1}}\) | \(76\) |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\left (-1+x \right ) x \left (k^{2} x -1\right )}}{\left (1+k \right ) x}\right )}{3+3 k}+\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\left (-1+x \right ) x \left (k^{2} x -1\right )}}{x \sqrt {k^{2}-k +1}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {k^{2}-k +1}}\) | \(76\) |
elliptic | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(907\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 217 vs. \(2 (94) = 188\).
Time = 0.33 (sec) , antiderivative size = 217, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.01 \[ \int \frac {-1+k^3 x^3}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1+k^3 x^3\right )} \, dx=\frac {2 \, \sqrt {k^{2} - k + 1} {\left (k + 1\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {k^{2} x^{3} - {\left (k^{2} + 1\right )} x^{2} + x} {\left (k^{2} x^{2} - {\left (2 \, k^{2} - k + 2\right )} x + 1\right )} \sqrt {k^{2} - k + 1}}{2 \, {\left ({\left (k^{4} - k^{3} + k^{2}\right )} x^{3} - {\left (k^{4} - k^{3} + 2 \, k^{2} - k + 1\right )} x^{2} + {\left (k^{2} - k + 1\right )} x\right )}}\right ) + {\left (k^{2} - k + 1\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {k^{2} x^{3} - {\left (k^{2} + 1\right )} x^{2} + x} {\left (k^{2} x^{2} - 2 \, {\left (k^{2} + k + 1\right )} x + 1\right )}}{2 \, {\left ({\left (k^{3} + k^{2}\right )} x^{3} - {\left (k^{3} + k^{2} + k + 1\right )} x^{2} + {\left (k + 1\right )} x\right )}}\right )}{3 \, {\left (k^{3} + 1\right )}} \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {-1+k^3 x^3}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1+k^3 x^3\right )} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
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\[ \int \frac {-1+k^3 x^3}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1+k^3 x^3\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {k^{3} x^{3} - 1}{{\left (k^{3} x^{3} + 1\right )} \sqrt {{\left (k^{2} x - 1\right )} {\left (x - 1\right )} x}} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {-1+k^3 x^3}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1+k^3 x^3\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {k^{3} x^{3} - 1}{{\left (k^{3} x^{3} + 1\right )} \sqrt {{\left (k^{2} x - 1\right )} {\left (x - 1\right )} x}} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {-1+k^3 x^3}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1+k^3 x^3\right )} \, dx=\text {Hanged} \]
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