Integrand size = 18, antiderivative size = 108 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (2+x^6\right )}{x^6} \, dx=\frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (-6+6 x^3+5 x^6\right )}{15 x^5}-\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{x+2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {2}{9} \log \left (-x+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}\right )-\frac {1}{9} \log \left (x^2+x \sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}+\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}\right ) \]
[Out]
Time = 0.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 97, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.90, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.222, Rules used = {1501, 462, 283, 245} \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (2+x^6\right )}{x^6} \, dx=-\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{x^3-1}}+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {1}{3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{x^3-1}-x\right )+\frac {2 \left (x^3-1\right )^{5/3}}{5 x^5}+\frac {\left (x^3-1\right )^{5/3}}{3 x^2}+\frac {\left (x^3-1\right )^{2/3}}{3 x^2} \]
[In]
[Out]
Rule 245
Rule 283
Rule 462
Rule 1501
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{5/3}}{3 x^2}+\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {\left (6-2 x^3\right ) \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}}{x^6} \, dx \\ & = \frac {2 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{5/3}}{5 x^5}+\frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{5/3}}{3 x^2}-\frac {2}{3} \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}}{x^3} \, dx \\ & = \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}}{3 x^2}+\frac {2 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{5/3}}{5 x^5}+\frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{5/3}}{3 x^2}-\frac {2}{3} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}} \, dx \\ & = \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}}{3 x^2}+\frac {2 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{5/3}}{5 x^5}+\frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{5/3}}{3 x^2}-\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {1}{3} \log \left (-x+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.20 (sec) , antiderivative size = 104, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.96 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (2+x^6\right )}{x^6} \, dx=\frac {1}{45} \left (\frac {3 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (-6+6 x^3+5 x^6\right )}{x^5}-10 \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{x+2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}}\right )+10 \log \left (-x+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}\right )-5 \log \left (x^2+x \sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}+\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}\right )\right ) \]
[In]
[Out]
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 1.61 (sec) , antiderivative size = 59, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.55
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {5 x^{9}+x^{6}-12 x^{3}+6}{15 x^{5} \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}-\frac {2 {\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} x \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [\frac {1}{3}, \frac {1}{3}\right ], \left [\frac {4}{3}\right ], x^{3}\right )}{3 \operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\) | \(59\) |
meijerg | \(\frac {\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [-\frac {2}{3}, \frac {1}{3}\right ], \left [\frac {4}{3}\right ], x^{3}\right )}{{\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}-\frac {2 \operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \left (-x^{3}+1\right )^{\frac {5}{3}}}{5 {\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} x^{5}}\) | \(63\) |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {-5 \ln \left (\frac {x^{2}+x \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{2}}\right ) x^{5}+10 \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (x +2 \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{3 x}\right ) x^{5}+10 \ln \left (\frac {-x +\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x}\right ) x^{5}+\left (15 x^{6}+18 x^{3}-18\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{45 x^{5} \left (\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+x \left (x +\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )\right ) \left (x -\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}\) | \(140\) |
trager | \(\frac {\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \left (5 x^{6}+6 x^{3}-6\right )}{15 x^{5}}+\frac {2 \ln \left (-69686010880 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{3}+6206811648 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x +42066864288 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{2}-50451363776 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{3}-1314589509 x \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+1508552373 x^{2} \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-262015609 x^{3}+557488087040 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}+35581665248 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )+170879745\right )}{9}-\frac {2 \ln \left (-759808 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{3}-310272 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x -222816 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{2}+509344 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{3}+6963 x \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-16659 x^{2} \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+8954 x^{3}+6078464 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}-62016 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )-2849\right )}{9}-\frac {64 \ln \left (-759808 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{3}-310272 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x -222816 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{2}+509344 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{3}+6963 x \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-16659 x^{2} \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+8954 x^{3}+6078464 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}-62016 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )-2849\right ) \operatorname {RootOf}\left (1024 \textit {\_Z}^{2}+32 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )}{9}\) | \(451\) |
[In]
[Out]
none
Time = 0.54 (sec) , antiderivative size = 117, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.08 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (2+x^6\right )}{x^6} \, dx=-\frac {10 \, \sqrt {3} x^{5} \arctan \left (-\frac {25382 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{2} - 13720 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} x + \sqrt {3} {\left (5831 \, x^{3} - 7200\right )}}{58653 \, x^{3} - 8000}\right ) - 5 \, x^{5} \log \left (-3 \, {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{2} + 3 \, {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} x + 1\right ) - 3 \, {\left (5 \, x^{6} + 6 \, x^{3} - 6\right )} {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{45 \, x^{5}} \]
[In]
[Out]
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 1.51 (sec) , antiderivative size = 160, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.48 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (2+x^6\right )}{x^6} \, dx=- \frac {x e^{- \frac {i \pi }{3}} \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {2}{3}, \frac {1}{3} \\ \frac {4}{3} \end {matrix}\middle | {x^{3}} \right )}}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right )} + 2 \left (\begin {cases} \frac {\left (-1 + \frac {1}{x^{3}}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} e^{- \frac {i \pi }{3}} \Gamma \left (- \frac {5}{3}\right )}{3 \Gamma \left (- \frac {2}{3}\right )} - \frac {\left (-1 + \frac {1}{x^{3}}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} e^{- \frac {i \pi }{3}} \Gamma \left (- \frac {5}{3}\right )}{3 x^{3} \Gamma \left (- \frac {2}{3}\right )} & \text {for}\: \frac {1}{\left |{x^{3}}\right |} > 1 \\- \frac {\left (1 - \frac {1}{x^{3}}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \Gamma \left (- \frac {5}{3}\right )}{3 \Gamma \left (- \frac {2}{3}\right )} + \frac {\left (1 - \frac {1}{x^{3}}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \Gamma \left (- \frac {5}{3}\right )}{3 x^{3} \Gamma \left (- \frac {2}{3}\right )} & \text {otherwise} \end {cases}\right ) \]
[In]
[Out]
none
Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 106, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.98 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (2+x^6\right )}{x^6} \, dx=\frac {2}{9} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (\frac {2 \, {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x} + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{3 \, x^{2} {\left (\frac {x^{3} - 1}{x^{3}} - 1\right )}} + \frac {2 \, {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {5}{3}}}{5 \, x^{5}} - \frac {1}{9} \, \log \left (\frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x} + \frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{2}} + 1\right ) + \frac {2}{9} \, \log \left (\frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x} - 1\right ) \]
[In]
[Out]
\[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (2+x^6\right )}{x^6} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (x^{6} + 2\right )} {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{6}} \,d x } \]
[In]
[Out]
Time = 5.72 (sec) , antiderivative size = 54, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.50 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (2+x^6\right )}{x^6} \, dx=\frac {x\,{\left (x^3-1\right )}^{2/3}\,{{}}_2{\mathrm {F}}_1\left (-\frac {2}{3},\frac {1}{3};\ \frac {4}{3};\ x^3\right )}{{\left (1-x^3\right )}^{2/3}}-\frac {2\,{\left (x^3-1\right )}^{2/3}-2\,x^3\,{\left (x^3-1\right )}^{2/3}}{5\,x^5} \]
[In]
[Out]