Integrand size = 37, antiderivative size = 112 \[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{x^2 \left (-b+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\frac {2 \left (b x^2+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{3 b x^3}-\frac {2^{3/4} a^{3/4} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}\right )}{b}-\frac {2^{3/4} a^{3/4} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}}\right )}{b} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 3 in optimal.
Time = 0.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 55, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.49, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.108, Rules used = {2081, 477, 525, 524} \[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{x^2 \left (-b+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\frac {2 \left (a x^2+b\right ) \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-\frac {3}{4},1,\frac {1}{4},\frac {2 a x^2}{a x^2+b}\right )}{3 b x \sqrt [4]{a x^4+b x^2}} \]
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Rule 477
Rule 524
Rule 525
Rule 2081
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}\right ) \int \frac {\left (b+a x^2\right )^{3/4}}{x^{5/2} \left (-b+a x^2\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\left (b+a x^4\right )^{3/4}}{x^4 \left (-b+a x^4\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \left (b+a x^2\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\left (1+\frac {a x^4}{b}\right )^{3/4}}{x^4 \left (-b+a x^4\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\left (1+\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {2 \left (b+a x^2\right ) \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-\frac {3}{4},1,\frac {1}{4},\frac {2 a x^2}{b+a x^2}\right )}{3 b x \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.39 (sec) , antiderivative size = 140, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.25 \[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{x^2 \left (-b+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\frac {\left (x^2 \left (b+a x^2\right )\right )^{3/4} \left (2 \left (b+a x^2\right )^{3/4}-3\ 2^{3/4} a^{3/4} x^{3/2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}}\right )-3\ 2^{3/4} a^{3/4} x^{3/2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^2}}\right )\right )}{3 b x^3 \left (b+a x^2\right )^{3/4}} \]
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Time = 0.53 (sec) , antiderivative size = 127, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.13
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(-\frac {\left (3 \ln \left (\frac {-x 2^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{\frac {1}{4}}-\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}+b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x 2^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{\frac {1}{4}}-\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}+b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) a \,x^{3}-2 \left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}+b \right )\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} 2^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{\frac {1}{4}}-6 \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}+b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} 2^{\frac {3}{4}}}{2 x \,a^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) a \,x^{3}\right ) 2^{\frac {3}{4}}}{6 x^{3} a^{\frac {1}{4}} b}\) | \(127\) |
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 42.42 (sec) , antiderivative size = 611, normalized size of antiderivative = 5.46 \[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{x^2 \left (-b+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {3 \, \left (\frac {1}{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b x^{3} \left (\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (\frac {4 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}} {\left (a x^{4} + b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a b^{2} x^{2} \sqrt {\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}} + 4 \, \left (\frac {1}{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {a x^{4} + b x^{2}} b^{3} x \left (\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} + 2 \, {\left (a x^{4} + b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} a^{2} + \left (\frac {1}{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (3 \, a^{2} b x^{3} + a b^{2} x\right )} \left (\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a x^{3} - b x}\right ) + 3 i \, \left (\frac {1}{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b x^{3} \left (\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-\frac {4 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}} {\left (a x^{4} + b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a b^{2} x^{2} \sqrt {\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}} + 4 i \, \left (\frac {1}{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {a x^{4} + b x^{2}} b^{3} x \left (\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} - 2 \, {\left (a x^{4} + b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} a^{2} - \left (\frac {1}{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (3 i \, a^{2} b x^{3} + i \, a b^{2} x\right )} \left (\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a x^{3} - b x}\right ) - 3 i \, \left (\frac {1}{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b x^{3} \left (\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-\frac {4 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}} {\left (a x^{4} + b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a b^{2} x^{2} \sqrt {\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}} - 4 i \, \left (\frac {1}{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {a x^{4} + b x^{2}} b^{3} x \left (\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} - 2 \, {\left (a x^{4} + b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} a^{2} - \left (\frac {1}{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (-3 i \, a^{2} b x^{3} - i \, a b^{2} x\right )} \left (\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a x^{3} - b x}\right ) - 3 \, \left (\frac {1}{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b x^{3} \left (\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (\frac {4 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}} {\left (a x^{4} + b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a b^{2} x^{2} \sqrt {\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}} - 4 \, \left (\frac {1}{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {a x^{4} + b x^{2}} b^{3} x \left (\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} + 2 \, {\left (a x^{4} + b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} a^{2} - \left (\frac {1}{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (3 \, a^{2} b x^{3} + a b^{2} x\right )} \left (\frac {a^{3}}{b^{4}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a x^{3} - b x}\right ) - 4 \, {\left (a x^{4} + b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{6 \, b x^{3}} \]
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\[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{x^2 \left (-b+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {a x^{2} + b}{x^{2} \sqrt [4]{x^{2} \left (a x^{2} + b\right )} \left (a x^{2} - b\right )}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{x^2 \left (-b+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {a x^{2} + b}{{\left (a x^{4} + b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (a x^{2} - b\right )} x^{2}} \,d x } \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 208 vs. \(2 (88) = 176\).
Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 208, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.86 \[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{x^2 \left (-b+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {2^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \arctan \left (\frac {2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (2^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + 2 \, {\left (a + \frac {b}{x^{2}}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \left (-a\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{b} - \frac {2^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \arctan \left (-\frac {2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (2^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} - 2 \, {\left (a + \frac {b}{x^{2}}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \left (-a\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{b} + \frac {2^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \log \left (2^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (a + \frac {b}{x^{2}}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-a} + \sqrt {a + \frac {b}{x^{2}}}\right )}{2 \, b} - \frac {2^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \log \left (-2^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (-a\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (a + \frac {b}{x^{2}}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-a} + \sqrt {a + \frac {b}{x^{2}}}\right )}{2 \, b} + \frac {2 \, {\left (a + \frac {b}{x^{2}}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{3 \, b} \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{x^2 \left (-b+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=-\int \frac {a\,x^2+b}{x^2\,\left (b-a\,x^2\right )\,{\left (a\,x^4+b\,x^2\right )}^{1/4}} \,d x \]
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