Integrand size = 36, antiderivative size = 116 \[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{\left (-b+x+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \, dx=-\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x \sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}{-x^2+\sqrt {-b x^3+a x^5}}\right )-\sqrt {2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\frac {x^2}{\sqrt {2}}+\frac {\sqrt {-b x^3+a x^5}}{\sqrt {2}}}{x \sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}\right ) \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 6 vs. order 3 in optimal.
Time = 1.36 (sec) , antiderivative size = 397, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.42, number of steps used = 21, number of rules used = 10, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.278, Rules used = {2081, 6860, 372, 371, 973, 477, 441, 440, 525, 524} \[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{\left (-b+x+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \, dx=\frac {8 a x^2 \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {5}{8},1,\frac {1}{4},\frac {13}{8},\frac {4 a^2 x^2}{\left (1-\sqrt {4 a b+1}\right )^2},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{5 \left (1-\sqrt {4 a b+1}\right ) \sqrt [4]{a x^5-b x^3}}+\frac {8 a x^2 \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {5}{8},1,\frac {1}{4},\frac {13}{8},\frac {4 a^2 x^2}{\left (\sqrt {4 a b+1}+1\right )^2},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{5 \left (\sqrt {4 a b+1}+1\right ) \sqrt [4]{a x^5-b x^3}}-\frac {4 x \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {1}{8},1,\frac {1}{4},\frac {9}{8},\frac {4 a^2 x^2}{\left (1-\sqrt {4 a b+1}\right )^2},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a x^5-b x^3}}-\frac {4 x \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {1}{8},1,\frac {1}{4},\frac {9}{8},\frac {4 a^2 x^2}{\left (\sqrt {4 a b+1}+1\right )^2},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a x^5-b x^3}}+\frac {4 x \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (\frac {1}{8},\frac {1}{4},\frac {9}{8},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a x^5-b x^3}} \]
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Rule 371
Rule 372
Rule 440
Rule 441
Rule 477
Rule 524
Rule 525
Rule 973
Rule 2081
Rule 6860
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \int \frac {b+a x^2}{x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \left (-b+x+a x^2\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \\ & = \frac {\left (x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \int \left (\frac {1}{x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}+\frac {2 b-x}{x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \left (-b+x+a x^2\right )}\right ) \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \\ & = \frac {\left (x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \int \frac {1}{x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}+\frac {\left (x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \int \frac {2 b-x}{x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \left (-b+x+a x^2\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \\ & = \frac {\left (x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \int \left (\frac {-1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}}{x^{3/4} \left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}+2 a x\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}+\frac {-1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}}{x^{3/4} \left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}+2 a x\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right ) \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}+\frac {\left (x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}}\right ) \int \frac {1}{x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}}} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \\ & = \frac {4 x \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (\frac {1}{8},\frac {1}{4},\frac {9}{8},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}+\frac {\left (\left (-1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \int \frac {1}{x^{3/4} \left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}+2 a x\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}+\frac {\left (\left (-1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \int \frac {1}{x^{3/4} \left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}+2 a x\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \\ & = \frac {4 x \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (\frac {1}{8},\frac {1}{4},\frac {9}{8},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}-\frac {\left (2 a \left (-1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \left (\left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2-4 a^2 x^2\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}-\frac {\left (2 a \left (-1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \left (\left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2-4 a^2 x^2\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}+\frac {\left (\left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) \left (-1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \int \frac {1}{x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \left (\left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2-4 a^2 x^2\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}+\frac {\left (\left (-1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) \left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \int \frac {1}{x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \left (\left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2-4 a^2 x^2\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \\ & = \frac {4 x \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (\frac {1}{8},\frac {1}{4},\frac {9}{8},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}-\frac {\left (8 a \left (-1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^4}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^8} \left (\left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2-4 a^2 x^8\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}-\frac {\left (8 a \left (-1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^4}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^8} \left (\left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2-4 a^2 x^8\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}+\frac {\left (4 \left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) \left (-1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^8} \left (\left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2-4 a^2 x^8\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}+\frac {\left (4 \left (-1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) \left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^8} \left (\left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2-4 a^2 x^8\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \\ & = \frac {4 x \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (\frac {1}{8},\frac {1}{4},\frac {9}{8},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}-\frac {\left (8 a \left (-1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^4}{\left (\left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2-4 a^2 x^8\right ) \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^8}{b}}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}-\frac {\left (8 a \left (-1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^4}{\left (\left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2-4 a^2 x^8\right ) \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^8}{b}}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}+\frac {\left (4 \left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) \left (-1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (\left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2-4 a^2 x^8\right ) \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^8}{b}}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}+\frac {\left (4 \left (-1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) \left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) x^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (\left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2-4 a^2 x^8\right ) \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^8}{b}}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \\ & = -\frac {4 x \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {1}{8},1,\frac {1}{4},\frac {9}{8},\frac {4 a^2 x^2}{\left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}-\frac {4 x \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {1}{8},1,\frac {1}{4},\frac {9}{8},\frac {4 a^2 x^2}{\left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}+\frac {8 a x^2 \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {5}{8},1,\frac {1}{4},\frac {13}{8},\frac {4 a^2 x^2}{\left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{5 \left (1-\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}+\frac {8 a x^2 \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {5}{8},1,\frac {1}{4},\frac {13}{8},\frac {4 a^2 x^2}{\left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right )^2},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{5 \left (1+\sqrt {1+4 a b}\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}}+\frac {4 x \sqrt [4]{1-\frac {a x^2}{b}} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (\frac {1}{8},\frac {1}{4},\frac {9}{8},\frac {a x^2}{b}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \\ \end{align*}
\[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{\left (-b+x+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \, dx=\int \frac {b+a x^2}{\left (-b+x+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \, dx \]
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Time = 1.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 148, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.28
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \left (\ln \left (\frac {-\left (x^{3} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}\, x +x^{2}+\sqrt {x^{3} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )}}{\left (x^{3} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}\, x +x^{2}+\sqrt {x^{3} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )}}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{3} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}+x}{x}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{3} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}-x}{x}\right )\right )}{2}\) | \(148\) |
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{\left (-b+x+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
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\[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{\left (-b+x+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \, dx=\int \frac {a x^{2} + b}{\sqrt [4]{x^{3} \left (a x^{2} - b\right )} \left (a x^{2} - b + x\right )}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{\left (-b+x+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \, dx=\int { \frac {a x^{2} + b}{{\left (a x^{5} - b x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (a x^{2} - b + x\right )}} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{\left (-b+x+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \, dx=\int { \frac {a x^{2} + b}{{\left (a x^{5} - b x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (a x^{2} - b + x\right )}} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {b+a x^2}{\left (-b+x+a x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^3+a x^5}} \, dx=\int \frac {a\,x^2+b}{{\left (a\,x^5-b\,x^3\right )}^{1/4}\,\left (a\,x^2+x-b\right )} \,d x \]
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