Integrand size = 36, antiderivative size = 122 \[ \int \frac {b+2 a x^4}{\left (-b+a x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a}}+\frac {2 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a}}+\frac {3}{4} \text {RootSum}\left [a^2-a b-2 a \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {-\log (x)+\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right )}{\text {$\#$1}}\&\right ] \]
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Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(533\) vs. \(2(122)=244\).
Time = 0.93 (sec) , antiderivative size = 533, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.37, number of steps used = 17, number of rules used = 9, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.250, Rules used = {2081, 6847, 6857, 246, 218, 212, 209, 1443, 385} \[ \int \frac {b+2 a x^4}{\left (-b+a x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\frac {2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2}}-\frac {3 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2}}-\frac {3 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2}}-\frac {3 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2}}-\frac {3 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2}} \]
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Rule 209
Rule 212
Rule 218
Rule 246
Rule 385
Rule 1443
Rule 2081
Rule 6847
Rule 6857
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \int \frac {b+2 a x^4}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \left (-b+a x^4\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {b+2 a x^8}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4} \left (-b+a x^8\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \left (\frac {2}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4}}+\frac {3 b}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4} \left (-b+a x^8\right )}\right ) \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (4 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {\left (6 b \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4} \left (-b+a x^8\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (4 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-a x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (3 \sqrt {a} \sqrt {b} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}-a x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (3 \sqrt {a} \sqrt {b} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}+a x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {a} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {a} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (3 \sqrt {a} \sqrt {b} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}-\left (a^{3/2} \sqrt {b}-a b\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (3 \sqrt {a} \sqrt {b} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b}-\left (a^{3/2} \sqrt {b}+a b\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (3 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (3 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (3 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (3 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {3 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {3 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {3 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {b}} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {3 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {b}} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 1.10 (sec) , antiderivative size = 164, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.34 \[ \int \frac {b+2 a x^4}{\left (-b+a x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \left (8 \left (\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )+\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )\right )+3 \sqrt [4]{a} \text {RootSum}\left [a^2-a b-2 a \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {-\log \left (\sqrt {x}\right )+\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}-\sqrt {x} \text {$\#$1}\right )}{\text {$\#$1}}\&\right ]\right )}{4 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \]
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Time = 0.43 (sec) , antiderivative size = 140, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.15
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {3 \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{8}-2 a \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+a^{2}-a b \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-\textit {\_R} x +\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right )}{\textit {\_R}}\right ) a^{\frac {1}{4}}-8 \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a^{\frac {1}{4}} x}\right )+4 \ln \left (\frac {-a^{\frac {1}{4}} x -\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a^{\frac {1}{4}} x -\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{4 a^{\frac {1}{4}}}\) | \(140\) |
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {b+2 a x^4}{\left (-b+a x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
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Not integrable
Time = 5.63 (sec) , antiderivative size = 29, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.24 \[ \int \frac {b+2 a x^4}{\left (-b+a x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {2 a x^{4} + b}{\sqrt [4]{x^{2} \left (a x^{2} - b\right )} \left (a x^{4} - b\right )}\, dx \]
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Not integrable
Time = 0.24 (sec) , antiderivative size = 36, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.30 \[ \int \frac {b+2 a x^4}{\left (-b+a x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {2 \, a x^{4} + b}{{\left (a x^{4} - b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (a x^{4} - b\right )}} \,d x } \]
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Not integrable
Time = 0.89 (sec) , antiderivative size = 36, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.30 \[ \int \frac {b+2 a x^4}{\left (-b+a x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {2 \, a x^{4} + b}{{\left (a x^{4} - b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (a x^{4} - b\right )}} \,d x } \]
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Not integrable
Time = 6.08 (sec) , antiderivative size = 36, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.30 \[ \int \frac {b+2 a x^4}{\left (-b+a x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\int -\frac {2\,a\,x^4+b}{\left (b-a\,x^4\right )\,{\left (a\,x^4-b\,x^2\right )}^{1/4}} \,d x \]
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