Integrand size = 29, antiderivative size = 137 \[ \int \frac {-2+x^4}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1-x^4+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{2}}+\frac {5 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{-x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{2}}+\frac {5 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt {2}} \]
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Time = 0.17 (sec) , antiderivative size = 193, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.41, number of steps used = 16, number of rules used = 11, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.379, Rules used = {6860, 385, 218, 212, 209, 217, 1179, 642, 1176, 631, 210} \[ \int \frac {-2+x^4}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1-x^4+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4+1}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{2}}-\frac {5 \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4+1}}\right )}{6 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {5 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4+1}}+1\right )}{6 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4+1}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{2}}-\frac {5 \log \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4+1}}+\frac {x^2}{\sqrt {x^4+1}}+1\right )}{12 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {5 \log \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4+1}}+\frac {x^2}{\sqrt {x^4+1}}+1\right )}{12 \sqrt {2}} \]
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Rule 209
Rule 210
Rule 212
Rule 217
Rule 218
Rule 385
Rule 631
Rule 642
Rule 1176
Rule 1179
Rule 6860
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \int \left (-\frac {4}{3 \sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-4+4 x^4\right )}+\frac {10}{3 \sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (2+4 x^4\right )}\right ) \, dx \\ & = -\left (\frac {4}{3} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-4+4 x^4\right )} \, dx\right )+\frac {10}{3} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (2+4 x^4\right )} \, dx \\ & = -\left (\frac {4}{3} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-4+8 x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )\right )+\frac {10}{3} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{2+2 x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right ) \\ & = \frac {1}{6} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )+\frac {1}{6} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )+\frac {5}{3} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1-x^2}{2+2 x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )+\frac {5}{3} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1+x^2}{2+2 x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right ) \\ & = \frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{2}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{2}}+\frac {5}{12} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {2} x+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )+\frac {5}{12} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {2} x+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )-\frac {5 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2}+2 x}{-1-\sqrt {2} x-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{12 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {5 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2}-2 x}{-1+\sqrt {2} x-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{12 \sqrt {2}} \\ & = \frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{2}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{2}}-\frac {5 \log \left (1+\frac {x^2}{\sqrt {1+x^4}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{12 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {5 \log \left (1+\frac {x^2}{\sqrt {1+x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{12 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {5 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {5 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt {2}} \\ & = \frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{2}}-\frac {5 \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {5 \arctan \left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt [4]{2}}-\frac {5 \log \left (1+\frac {x^2}{\sqrt {1+x^4}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{12 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {5 \log \left (1+\frac {x^2}{\sqrt {1+x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{12 \sqrt {2}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.38 (sec) , antiderivative size = 126, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.92 \[ \int \frac {-2+x^4}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1-x^4+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )+5 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{-x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}\right )+\sqrt [4]{2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )+5 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}{x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}\right )}{6 \sqrt {2}} \]
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Time = 6.16 (sec) , antiderivative size = 167, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.22
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {2^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{2 x}\right ) 2^{\frac {3}{4}}}{12}+\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-2^{\frac {1}{4}} x -\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{2^{\frac {1}{4}} x -\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) 2^{\frac {3}{4}}}{24}-\frac {5 \ln \left (\frac {-\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+x^{2}+\sqrt {x^{4}+1}}{\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+x^{2}+\sqrt {x^{4}+1}}\right ) \sqrt {2}}{24}-\frac {5 \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}+x}{x}\right ) \sqrt {2}}{12}-\frac {5 \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}-x}{x}\right ) \sqrt {2}}{12}\) | \(167\) |
trager | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(642\) |
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 6.18 (sec) , antiderivative size = 502, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.66 \[ \int \frac {-2+x^4}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1-x^4+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\frac {1}{48} \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} \log \left (\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} + 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} + 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (3 \, x^{4} + 1\right )} + 4 \, {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x}{x^{4} - 1}\right ) + \frac {1}{48} i \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} \log \left (-\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} + 4 i \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} - 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (3 i \, x^{4} + i\right )} - 4 \, {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x}{x^{4} - 1}\right ) - \frac {1}{48} i \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} \log \left (-\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} - 4 i \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} - 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (-3 i \, x^{4} - i\right )} - 4 \, {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x}{x^{4} - 1}\right ) - \frac {1}{48} \cdot 2^{\frac {3}{4}} \log \left (\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} - 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} - 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (3 \, x^{4} + 1\right )} + 4 \, {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x}{x^{4} - 1}\right ) - \left (\frac {5}{48} i + \frac {5}{48}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (\frac {\left (i + 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} - 2 i \, \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} + \left (i - 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x + 1}{2 \, x^{4} + 1}\right ) + \left (\frac {5}{48} i - \frac {5}{48}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (\frac {-\left (i - 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} + 2 i \, \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} - \left (i + 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x + 1}{2 \, x^{4} + 1}\right ) - \left (\frac {5}{48} i - \frac {5}{48}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (\frac {\left (i - 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} + 2 i \, \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} + \left (i + 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x + 1}{2 \, x^{4} + 1}\right ) + \left (\frac {5}{48} i + \frac {5}{48}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (\frac {-\left (i + 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} - 2 i \, \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} - \left (i - 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x + 1}{2 \, x^{4} + 1}\right ) \]
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\[ \int \frac {-2+x^4}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1-x^4+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {x^{4} - 2}{\left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + 1\right ) \sqrt [4]{x^{4} + 1} \cdot \left (2 x^{4} + 1\right )}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {-2+x^4}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1-x^4+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{4} - 2}{{\left (2 \, x^{8} - x^{4} - 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {-2+x^4}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1-x^4+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{4} - 2}{{\left (2 \, x^{8} - x^{4} - 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {-2+x^4}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1-x^4+2 x^8\right )} \, dx=-\int \frac {x^4-2}{{\left (x^4+1\right )}^{1/4}\,\left (-2\,x^8+x^4+1\right )} \,d x \]
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