Integrand size = 17, antiderivative size = 145 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{x} \, dx=\frac {4}{3} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}+\frac {1}{3} \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{-\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}}\right )-\frac {1}{3} \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\frac {\sqrt [4]{b}}{\sqrt {2}}+\frac {\sqrt {-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.14 (sec) , antiderivative size = 218, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.50, number of steps used = 12, number of rules used = 9, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.529, Rules used = {272, 52, 65, 217, 1179, 642, 1176, 631, 210} \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{x} \, dx=\frac {1}{3} \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a x^3-b}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )-\frac {1}{3} \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a x^3-b}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+1\right )+\frac {4}{3} \sqrt [4]{a x^3-b}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{a x^3-b}+\sqrt {a x^3-b}+\sqrt {b}\right )}{3 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{a x^3-b}+\sqrt {a x^3-b}+\sqrt {b}\right )}{3 \sqrt {2}} \]
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Rule 52
Rule 65
Rule 210
Rule 217
Rule 272
Rule 631
Rule 642
Rule 1176
Rule 1179
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{3} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b+a x}}{x} \, dx,x,x^3\right ) \\ & = \frac {4}{3} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}-\frac {1}{3} b \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x (-b+a x)^{3/4}} \, dx,x,x^3\right ) \\ & = \frac {4}{3} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}-\frac {(4 b) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {b}{a}+\frac {x^4}{a}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right )}{3 a} \\ & = \frac {4}{3} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}-\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {b}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {b}-x^2}{\frac {b}{a}+\frac {x^4}{a}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right )}{3 a}-\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {b}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {b}+x^2}{\frac {b}{a}+\frac {x^4}{a}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right )}{3 a} \\ & = \frac {4}{3} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}+2 x}{-\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right )}{3 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}-2 x}{-\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right )}{3 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {1}{3} \sqrt {b} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right )-\frac {1}{3} \sqrt {b} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right ) \\ & = \frac {4}{3} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \log \left (\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}\right )}{3 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \log \left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}\right )}{3 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {1}{3} \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )+\frac {1}{3} \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right ) \\ & = \frac {4}{3} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}+\frac {1}{3} \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )-\frac {1}{3} \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \arctan \left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )+\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \log \left (\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}\right )}{3 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \log \left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}\right )}{3 \sqrt {2}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.20 (sec) , antiderivative size = 136, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.94 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{x} \, dx=\frac {1}{3} \left (4 \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \arctan \left (\frac {-\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}\right )-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}}\right )\right ) \]
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Time = 0.46 (sec) , antiderivative size = 167, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.15
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {4 \left (a \,x^{3}-b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{3}-\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-b^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (a \,x^{3}-b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}-\sqrt {a \,x^{3}-b}-\sqrt {b}}{b^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (a \,x^{3}-b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}-\sqrt {a \,x^{3}-b}-\sqrt {b}}\right ) b^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}}{6}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \left (a \,x^{3}-b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+b^{\frac {1}{4}}}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) b^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}}{3}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {-\sqrt {2}\, \left (a \,x^{3}-b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+b^{\frac {1}{4}}}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) b^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}}{3}\) | \(167\) |
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.25 (sec) , antiderivative size = 120, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.83 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{x} \, dx=-\frac {1}{3} \, \left (-b\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left ({\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + \left (-b\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) - \frac {1}{3} i \, \left (-b\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left ({\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + i \, \left (-b\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) + \frac {1}{3} i \, \left (-b\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left ({\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} - i \, \left (-b\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) + \frac {1}{3} \, \left (-b\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left ({\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} - \left (-b\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) + \frac {4}{3} \, {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.74 (sec) , antiderivative size = 48, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.33 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{x} \, dx=- \frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x^{\frac {3}{4}} \Gamma \left (- \frac {1}{4}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {1}{4}, - \frac {1}{4} \\ \frac {3}{4} \end {matrix}\middle | {\frac {b e^{2 i \pi }}{a x^{3}}} \right )}}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {3}{4}\right )} \]
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none
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 175, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.21 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{x} \, dx=-\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + 2 \, {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) - \frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} - 2 \, {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) - \frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (\sqrt {2} {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {a x^{3} - b} + \sqrt {b}\right ) + \frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {a x^{3} - b} + \sqrt {b}\right ) + \frac {4}{3} \, {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \]
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Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 175, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.21 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{x} \, dx=-\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + 2 \, {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) - \frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} - 2 \, {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) - \frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (\sqrt {2} {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {a x^{3} - b} + \sqrt {b}\right ) + \frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {a x^{3} - b} + \sqrt {b}\right ) + \frac {4}{3} \, {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \]
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Time = 6.12 (sec) , antiderivative size = 64, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.44 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{x} \, dx=\frac {4\,{\left (a\,x^3-b\right )}^{1/4}}{3}-\frac {2\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/4}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {{\left (a\,x^3-b\right )}^{1/4}}{{\left (-b\right )}^{1/4}}\right )}{3}-\frac {2\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/4}\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {{\left (a\,x^3-b\right )}^{1/4}}{{\left (-b\right )}^{1/4}}\right )}{3} \]
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