Integrand size = 17, antiderivative size = 150 \[ \int \frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{x^4} \, dx=-\frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{3 x^3}-\frac {a \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{-\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {a \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\frac {\sqrt [4]{b}}{\sqrt {2}}+\frac {\sqrt {-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}} \]
[Out]
Time = 0.12 (sec) , antiderivative size = 225, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.50, number of steps used = 12, number of rules used = 9, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.529, Rules used = {272, 43, 65, 303, 1176, 631, 210, 1179, 642} \[ \int \frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{x^4} \, dx=-\frac {a \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a x^3-b}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {a \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a x^3-b}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+1\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {\left (a x^3-b\right )^{3/4}}{3 x^3}+\frac {a \log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{a x^3-b}+\sqrt {a x^3-b}+\sqrt {b}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {a \log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{a x^3-b}+\sqrt {a x^3-b}+\sqrt {b}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}} \]
[In]
[Out]
Rule 43
Rule 65
Rule 210
Rule 272
Rule 303
Rule 631
Rule 642
Rule 1176
Rule 1179
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{3} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {(-b+a x)^{3/4}}{x^2} \, dx,x,x^3\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{3 x^3}+\frac {1}{4} a \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x \sqrt [4]{-b+a x}} \, dx,x,x^3\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{3 x^3}+\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{\frac {b}{a}+\frac {x^4}{a}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{3 x^3}-\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {b}-x^2}{\frac {b}{a}+\frac {x^4}{a}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {b}+x^2}{\frac {b}{a}+\frac {x^4}{a}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{3 x^3}+\frac {1}{4} a \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right )+\frac {1}{4} a \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right )+\frac {a \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}+2 x}{-\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {a \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}-2 x}{-\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} x-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}} \\ & = -\frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{3 x^3}+\frac {a \log \left (\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {a \log \left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {a \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {a \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}} \\ & = -\frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{3 x^3}-\frac {a \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {a \arctan \left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {a \log \left (\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {a \log \left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.19 (sec) , antiderivative size = 141, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.94 \[ \int \frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{x^4} \, dx=\frac {1}{12} \left (-\frac {4 \left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{x^3}+\frac {3 \sqrt {2} a \arctan \left (\frac {-\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {3 \sqrt {2} a \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{b} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^3}}{\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {-b+a x^3}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right ) \]
[In]
[Out]
Time = 0.44 (sec) , antiderivative size = 172, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.15
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {-\sqrt {2}\, \left (a \,x^{3}-b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+b^{\frac {1}{4}}}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) \sqrt {2}\, a \,x^{3}-\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \left (a \,x^{3}-b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+b^{\frac {1}{4}}}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) \sqrt {2}\, a \,x^{3}-\frac {\ln \left (\frac {\sqrt {a \,x^{3}-b}-b^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (a \,x^{3}-b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a \,x^{3}-b}+b^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (a \,x^{3}-b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {b}}\right ) \sqrt {2}\, a \,x^{3}}{2}+\frac {4 \left (a \,x^{3}-b \right )^{\frac {3}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}}}{3}}{4 b^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3}}\) | \(172\) |
[In]
[Out]
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 198, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.32 \[ \int \frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{x^4} \, dx=\frac {3 \, \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} \log \left ({\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{3} + \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} b\right ) - 3 i \, \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} \log \left ({\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{3} + i \, \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} b\right ) + 3 i \, \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} \log \left ({\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{3} - i \, \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} b\right ) - 3 \, \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} \log \left ({\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{3} - \left (-\frac {a^{4}}{b}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} b\right ) - 4 \, {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{12 \, x^{3}} \]
[In]
[Out]
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.93 (sec) , antiderivative size = 44, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.29 \[ \int \frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{x^4} \, dx=- \frac {a^{\frac {3}{4}} \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{4}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {3}{4}, \frac {1}{4} \\ \frac {5}{4} \end {matrix}\middle | {\frac {b e^{2 i \pi }}{a x^{3}}} \right )}}{3 x^{\frac {3}{4}} \Gamma \left (\frac {5}{4}\right )} \]
[In]
[Out]
none
Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 181, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.21 \[ \int \frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{x^4} \, dx=\frac {1}{8} \, {\left (\frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + 2 \, {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} + \frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} - 2 \, {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} \log \left (\sqrt {2} {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {a x^{3} - b} + \sqrt {b}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {a x^{3} - b} + \sqrt {b}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )} a - \frac {{\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{3 \, x^{3}} \]
[In]
[Out]
none
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 196, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.31 \[ \int \frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{x^4} \, dx=\frac {\frac {6 \, \sqrt {2} a^{2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + 2 \, {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} + \frac {6 \, \sqrt {2} a^{2} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} b^{\frac {1}{4}} - 2 \, {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} - \frac {3 \, \sqrt {2} a^{2} \log \left (\sqrt {2} {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {a x^{3} - b} + \sqrt {b}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} + \frac {3 \, \sqrt {2} a^{2} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {a x^{3} - b} + \sqrt {b}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} - \frac {8 \, {\left (a x^{3} - b\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} a}{x^{3}}}{24 \, a} \]
[In]
[Out]
Time = 6.11 (sec) , antiderivative size = 69, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.46 \[ \int \frac {\left (-b+a x^3\right )^{3/4}}{x^4} \, dx=\frac {a\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {{\left (a\,x^3-b\right )}^{1/4}}{{\left (-b\right )}^{1/4}}\right )}{2\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/4}}-\frac {{\left (a\,x^3-b\right )}^{3/4}}{3\,x^3}-\frac {a\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {{\left (a\,x^3-b\right )}^{1/4}}{{\left (-b\right )}^{1/4}}\right )}{2\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/4}} \]
[In]
[Out]