Integrand size = 41, antiderivative size = 154 \[ \int \frac {2 b-a x^4+2 x^8}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-2 b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a}}-\frac {3}{4} \text {RootSum}\left [3 a^2-b-5 a \text {$\#$1}^4+2 \text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {3 a \log (x)-3 a \log \left (\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right )-2 \log (x) \text {$\#$1}^4+2 \log \left (\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right ) \text {$\#$1}^4}{5 a \text {$\#$1}-4 \text {$\#$1}^5}\&\right ] \]
[Out]
Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(549\) vs. \(2(154)=308\).
Time = 0.57 (sec) , antiderivative size = 549, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.56, number of steps used = 16, number of rules used = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.195, Rules used = {6860, 246, 218, 212, 209, 385, 214, 211} \[ \int \frac {2 b-a x^4+2 x^8}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-2 b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {3 \left (a-\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {x \sqrt [4]{-a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}+a^2-2 b}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^4+b}}\right )}{2 \left (a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}+a^2-2 b}}-\frac {3 \left (\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}+a\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {x \sqrt [4]{a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}+a^2-2 b}}{\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}+a} \sqrt [4]{a x^4+b}}\right )}{2 \left (\sqrt {a^2+8 b}+a\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}+a^2-2 b}}-\frac {3 \left (a-\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x \sqrt [4]{-a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}+a^2-2 b}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^4+b}}\right )}{2 \left (a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{-a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}+a^2-2 b}}-\frac {3 \left (\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}+a\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x \sqrt [4]{a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}+a^2-2 b}}{\sqrt [4]{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}+a} \sqrt [4]{a x^4+b}}\right )}{2 \left (\sqrt {a^2+8 b}+a\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}+a^2-2 b}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{a x^4+b}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{a x^4+b}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a}} \]
[In]
[Out]
Rule 209
Rule 211
Rule 212
Rule 214
Rule 218
Rule 246
Rule 385
Rule 6860
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \int \left (\frac {2}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}+\frac {3 \left (2 b-a x^4\right )}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-2 b+a x^4+x^8\right )}\right ) \, dx \\ & = 2 \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}} \, dx+3 \int \frac {2 b-a x^4}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-2 b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx \\ & = 2 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-a x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )+3 \int \left (\frac {-a+\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}+\frac {-a-\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}}{\left (a+\sqrt {a^2+8 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right ) \, dx \\ & = -\left (\left (3 \left (a-\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}} \, dx\right )-\left (3 \left (a+\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (a+\sqrt {a^2+8 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}} \, dx+\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {a} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )+\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {a} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right ) \\ & = \frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a}}-\left (3 \left (a-\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}-\left (-2 b+a \left (a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}\right )\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )-\left (3 \left (a+\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a+\sqrt {a^2+8 b}-\left (-2 b+a \left (a+\sqrt {a^2+8 b}\right )\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right ) \\ & = \frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a}}-\frac {\left (3 \left (a-\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}-\sqrt {a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}}-\frac {\left (3 \left (a-\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}+\sqrt {a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}}-\frac {\left (3 \left (a+\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}-\sqrt {a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}}-\frac {\left (3 \left (a+\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}+\sqrt {a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}} \\ & = \frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a}}-\frac {3 \left (a-\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}} x}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{2 \left (a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}}}-\frac {3 \left (a+\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}} x}{\sqrt [4]{a+\sqrt {a^2+8 b}} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{2 \left (a+\sqrt {a^2+8 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a}}-\frac {3 \left (a-\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}} x}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{2 \left (a-\sqrt {a^2+8 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}}}-\frac {3 \left (a+\frac {a^2+4 b}{\sqrt {a^2+8 b}}\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}} x}{\sqrt [4]{a+\sqrt {a^2+8 b}} \sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{2 \left (a+\sqrt {a^2+8 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+8 b}}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.00 (sec) , antiderivative size = 149, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.97 \[ \int \frac {2 b-a x^4+2 x^8}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-2 b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )+\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a}}-\frac {3}{4} \text {RootSum}\left [3 a^2-b-5 a \text {$\#$1}^4+2 \text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {-3 a \log (x)+3 a \log \left (\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right )+2 \log (x) \text {$\#$1}^4-2 \log \left (\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right ) \text {$\#$1}^4}{-5 a \text {$\#$1}+4 \text {$\#$1}^5}\&\right ] \]
[In]
[Out]
Time = 0.39 (sec) , antiderivative size = 139, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.90
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {3 \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (2 \textit {\_Z}^{8}-5 a \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+3 a^{2}-b \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (2 \textit {\_R}^{4}-3 a \right ) \ln \left (\frac {-\textit {\_R} x +\left (a \,x^{4}+b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right )}{\textit {\_R} \left (4 \textit {\_R}^{4}-5 a \right )}\right ) a^{\frac {1}{4}}-4 \arctan \left (\frac {\left (a \,x^{4}+b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a^{\frac {1}{4}} x}\right )+2 \ln \left (\frac {-a^{\frac {1}{4}} x -\left (a \,x^{4}+b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a^{\frac {1}{4}} x -\left (a \,x^{4}+b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{4 a^{\frac {1}{4}}}\) | \(139\) |
[In]
[Out]
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 3 vs. order 1.
Time = 0.69 (sec) , antiderivative size = 5666, normalized size of antiderivative = 36.79 \[ \int \frac {2 b-a x^4+2 x^8}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-2 b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
[In]
[Out]
Not integrable
Time = 111.53 (sec) , antiderivative size = 36, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.23 \[ \int \frac {2 b-a x^4+2 x^8}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-2 b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {- a x^{4} + 2 b + 2 x^{8}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^{4} + b} \left (a x^{4} - 2 b + x^{8}\right )}\, dx \]
[In]
[Out]
Not integrable
Time = 0.22 (sec) , antiderivative size = 41, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.27 \[ \int \frac {2 b-a x^4+2 x^8}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-2 b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {2 \, x^{8} - a x^{4} + 2 \, b}{{\left (x^{8} + a x^{4} - 2 \, b\right )} {\left (a x^{4} + b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}} \,d x } \]
[In]
[Out]
Not integrable
Time = 0.92 (sec) , antiderivative size = 41, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.27 \[ \int \frac {2 b-a x^4+2 x^8}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-2 b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {2 \, x^{8} - a x^{4} + 2 \, b}{{\left (x^{8} + a x^{4} - 2 \, b\right )} {\left (a x^{4} + b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}} \,d x } \]
[In]
[Out]
Not integrable
Time = 0.00 (sec) , antiderivative size = 41, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.27 \[ \int \frac {2 b-a x^4+2 x^8}{\sqrt [4]{b+a x^4} \left (-2 b+a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {2\,x^8-a\,x^4+2\,b}{{\left (a\,x^4+b\right )}^{1/4}\,\left (x^8+a\,x^4-2\,b\right )} \,d x \]
[In]
[Out]