Integrand size = 18, antiderivative size = 21 \[ \int \frac {-1+x}{(2+x) \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=-\frac {2}{3} \arctan \left (\frac {3 \sqrt {-1+x^3}}{(-1+x)^2}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 25, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.19, number of steps used = 2, number of rules used = 2, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.111, Rules used = {2163, 209} \[ \int \frac {-1+x}{(2+x) \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=\frac {2}{3} \arctan \left (\frac {(1-x)^2}{3 \sqrt {x^3-1}}\right ) \]
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Rule 209
Rule 2163
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = 2 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{9+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {(1-x)^2}{\sqrt {-1+x^3}}\right ) \\ & = \frac {2}{3} \arctan \left (\frac {(1-x)^2}{3 \sqrt {-1+x^3}}\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.93 (sec) , antiderivative size = 21, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {-1+x}{(2+x) \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=-\frac {2}{3} \arctan \left (\frac {3 \sqrt {-1+x^3}}{(-1+x)^2}\right ) \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 2.83 (sec) , antiderivative size = 74, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.52
method | result | size |
trager | \(\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) \ln \left (\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x^{3}-12 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x^{2}-6 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x -6 \sqrt {x^{3}-1}\, x -10 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )+6 \sqrt {x^{3}-1}}{\left (x +2\right )^{3}}\right )}{3}\) | \(74\) |
default | \(\frac {2 \left (-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x -1}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x -1}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}-1}}-\frac {2 \left (-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x -1}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x -1}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \frac {i \sqrt {3}}{6}+\frac {1}{2}, \sqrt {\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}-1}}\) | \(240\) |
elliptic | \(\frac {2 \left (-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x -1}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x -1}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}-1}}-\frac {2 \left (-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x -1}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x -1}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \frac {i \sqrt {3}}{6}+\frac {1}{2}, \sqrt {\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}-1}}\) | \(240\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 40 vs. \(2 (17) = 34\).
Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 40, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.90 \[ \int \frac {-1+x}{(2+x) \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=\frac {1}{3} \, \arctan \left (\frac {{\left (x^{3} - 12 \, x^{2} - 6 \, x - 10\right )} \sqrt {x^{3} - 1}}{6 \, {\left (x^{4} - x^{3} - x + 1\right )}}\right ) \]
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\[ \int \frac {-1+x}{(2+x) \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=\int \frac {x - 1}{\sqrt {\left (x - 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right )} \left (x + 2\right )}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {-1+x}{(2+x) \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=\int { \frac {x - 1}{\sqrt {x^{3} - 1} {\left (x + 2\right )}} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {-1+x}{(2+x) \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=\int { \frac {x - 1}{\sqrt {x^{3} - 1} {\left (x + 2\right )}} \,d x } \]
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Time = 5.54 (sec) , antiderivative size = 206, normalized size of antiderivative = 9.81 \[ \int \frac {-1+x}{(2+x) \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=-\frac {\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,\sqrt {-\frac {x+\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\sqrt {\frac {x+\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\left (\mathrm {F}\left (\mathrm {asin}\left (\sqrt {-\frac {x-1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\right )\middle |-\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}\right )-\Pi \left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{6};\mathrm {asin}\left (\sqrt {-\frac {x-1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\right )\middle |-\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}\right )\right )\,\sqrt {-\frac {x-1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}}{\sqrt {x^3+\left (-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )-1\right )\,x+\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )}} \]
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