Integrand size = 41, antiderivative size = 189 \[ \int \frac {-x+x^2}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1-2 x+k^2 x^2\right )} \, dx=-\frac {i \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-2+k^2-2 i \sqrt {-1+k^2}} \sqrt {x+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^3}}{-1+k^2 x}\right )}{2 \sqrt {-1+k^2} \sqrt {-2+k^2-2 i \sqrt {-1+k^2}}}+\frac {i \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-2+k^2+2 i \sqrt {-1+k^2}} \sqrt {x+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^3}}{-1+k^2 x}\right )}{2 \sqrt {-1+k^2} \sqrt {-2+k^2+2 i \sqrt {-1+k^2}}} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 4 vs. order 3 in optimal.
Time = 1.52 (sec) , antiderivative size = 455, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.41, number of steps used = 26, number of rules used = 14, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.341, Rules used = {1607, 6850, 21, 6820, 6860, 936, 948, 12, 174, 551, 857, 728, 111, 116} \[ \int \frac {-x+x^2}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1-2 x+k^2 x^2\right )} \, dx=\frac {\left (-k^2-\sqrt {1-k^2}+1\right ) (1-x) \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\frac {1}{1-\sqrt {1-k^2}},\arcsin \left (\sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {-x}\right ),\frac {1}{k^2}\right )}{\left (-k^2\right )^{3/2} \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {x-x^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}-\frac {\left (-k^2+\sqrt {1-k^2}+1\right ) (1-x) \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {1-k^2}+1},\arcsin \left (\sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {-x}\right ),\frac {1}{k^2}\right )}{\left (-k^2\right )^{3/2} \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {x-x^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}-\frac {\left (-k^2-\sqrt {1-k^2}+2\right ) \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {x}\right ),k^2\right )}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {\left (-k^2+\sqrt {1-k^2}+2\right ) \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {x}\right ),k^2\right )}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \]
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Rule 12
Rule 21
Rule 111
Rule 116
Rule 174
Rule 551
Rule 728
Rule 857
Rule 936
Rule 948
Rule 1607
Rule 6820
Rule 6850
Rule 6860
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \int \frac {(-1+x) x}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1-2 x+k^2 x^2\right )} \, dx \\ & = \frac {\left (\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {(-1+x) \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \left (1-2 x+k^2 x^2\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \\ & = -\frac {\left (\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {1-k^2 x} \left (1-2 x+k^2 x^2\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \\ & = -\frac {\left (\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt {x-x^2}}{\sqrt {1-k^2 x} \left (1-2 x+k^2 x^2\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \\ & = -\frac {\left (\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \left (-\frac {k^2 \sqrt {x-x^2}}{\sqrt {1-k^2} \left (2+2 \sqrt {1-k^2}-2 k^2 x\right ) \sqrt {1-k^2 x}}-\frac {k^2 \sqrt {x-x^2}}{\sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \left (-2+2 \sqrt {1-k^2}+2 k^2 x\right )}\right ) \, dx}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \\ & = \frac {\left (k^2 \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt {x-x^2}}{\left (2+2 \sqrt {1-k^2}-2 k^2 x\right ) \sqrt {1-k^2 x}} \, dx}{\sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {\left (k^2 \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt {x-x^2}}{\sqrt {1-k^2 x} \left (-2+2 \sqrt {1-k^2}+2 k^2 x\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \\ & = -\frac {\left (\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {-2+2 k^2-2 \sqrt {1-k^2}-2 k^2 x}{\sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \, dx}{4 k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {2-2 k^2-2 \sqrt {1-k^2}+2 k^2 x}{\sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \, dx}{4 k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}-\frac {\left (\left (1-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \left (1-k^2-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1-k^2 x} \left (-2+2 \sqrt {1-k^2}+2 k^2 x\right ) \sqrt {x-x^2}} \, dx}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}-\frac {\left (\left (1+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \left (1-k^2+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (2+2 \sqrt {1-k^2}-2 k^2 x\right ) \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \, dx}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}} \\ & = -\frac {\left (\left (2-k^2-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \, dx}{2 k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {\left (\left (2-k^2+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1-k^2 x} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \, dx}{2 k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {2} \left (1-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \left (1-k^2-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \left (-2+2 \sqrt {1-k^2}+2 k^2 x\right )} \, dx}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {2} \left (1+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \left (1-k^2+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {-x} \left (2+2 \sqrt {1-k^2}-2 k^2 x\right ) \sqrt {1-k^2 x}} \, dx}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \\ & = -\frac {\left (\left (2-k^2-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}} \, dx}{2 k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {\left (\left (2-k^2+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}} \, dx}{2 k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}-\frac {\left (\left (1-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \left (1-k^2-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \left (-2+2 \sqrt {1-k^2}+2 k^2 x\right )} \, dx}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}}-\frac {\left (\left (1+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \left (1-k^2+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {-x} \left (2+2 \sqrt {1-k^2}-2 k^2 x\right ) \sqrt {1-k^2 x}} \, dx}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \\ & = -\frac {\left (2-k^2-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {x}\right ),k^2\right )}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {\left (2-k^2+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {x}\right ),k^2\right )}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {\left (2 \left (1-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \left (1-k^2-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2+2 x^2} \left (-2 \left (1-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right )-2 k^2 x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+k^2 x^2}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {-x}\right )}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}}+\frac {\left (2 \left (1+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \left (1-k^2+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {2-2 x} \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2+2 x^2} \sqrt {1+k^2 x^2} \left (2 \left (1+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right )+2 k^2 x^2\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt {-x}\right )}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \\ & = -\frac {\left (2-k^2-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {x}\right ),k^2\right )}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {\left (2-k^2+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) \sqrt {1-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {x}\right ),k^2\right )}{k^2 \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )}}+\frac {\left (1-k^2-\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) (1-x) \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\frac {1}{1-\sqrt {1-k^2}},\arcsin \left (\sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {-x}\right ),\frac {1}{k^2}\right )}{\left (-k^2\right )^{3/2} \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}}-\frac {\left (1-k^2+\sqrt {1-k^2}\right ) (1-x) \sqrt {-x} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1-k^2 x} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\frac {1}{1+\sqrt {1-k^2}},\arcsin \left (\sqrt {-k^2} \sqrt {-x}\right ),\frac {1}{k^2}\right )}{\left (-k^2\right )^{3/2} \sqrt {1-k^2} \sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \sqrt {x-x^2}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 5.37 (sec) , antiderivative size = 151, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.80 \[ \int \frac {-x+x^2}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1-2 x+k^2 x^2\right )} \, dx=-\frac {i \left (\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-2+k^2-2 i \sqrt {-1+k^2}} (-1+x) x}{\sqrt {(-1+x) x \left (-1+k^2 x\right )}}\right )}{\sqrt {-2+k^2-2 i \sqrt {-1+k^2}}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-2+k^2+2 i \sqrt {-1+k^2}} (-1+x) x}{\sqrt {(-1+x) x \left (-1+k^2 x\right )}}\right )}{\sqrt {-2+k^2+2 i \sqrt {-1+k^2}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {-1+k^2}} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 4 vs. order 3.
Time = 0.59 (sec) , antiderivative size = 1121, normalized size of antiderivative = 5.93
method | result | size |
default | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(1121\) |
elliptic | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(1132\) |
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none
Time = 0.33 (sec) , antiderivative size = 467, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.47 \[ \int \frac {-x+x^2}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1-2 x+k^2 x^2\right )} \, dx=\left [\frac {{\left (k^{2} - 1\right )} \log \left (\frac {k^{4} x^{4} + 4 \, k^{2} x^{3} - 2 \, {\left (3 \, k^{2} + 2\right )} x^{2} - 4 \, \sqrt {k^{2} x^{3} - {\left (k^{2} + 1\right )} x^{2} + x} {\left (k^{2} x^{2} - 1\right )} + 4 \, x + 1}{k^{4} x^{4} - 4 \, k^{2} x^{3} + 2 \, {\left (k^{2} + 2\right )} x^{2} - 4 \, x + 1}\right ) - \sqrt {-k^{2} + 1} \log \left (\frac {k^{4} x^{4} - 4 \, {\left (2 \, k^{4} - k^{2}\right )} x^{3} + 2 \, {\left (4 \, k^{4} + k^{2} - 2\right )} x^{2} - 4 \, \sqrt {k^{2} x^{3} - {\left (k^{2} + 1\right )} x^{2} + x} {\left (k^{2} x^{2} - 2 \, k^{2} x + 1\right )} \sqrt {-k^{2} + 1} - 4 \, {\left (2 \, k^{2} - 1\right )} x + 1}{k^{4} x^{4} - 4 \, k^{2} x^{3} + 2 \, {\left (k^{2} + 2\right )} x^{2} - 4 \, x + 1}\right )}{4 \, {\left (k^{4} - k^{2}\right )}}, \frac {{\left (k^{2} - 1\right )} \log \left (\frac {k^{4} x^{4} + 4 \, k^{2} x^{3} - 2 \, {\left (3 \, k^{2} + 2\right )} x^{2} - 4 \, \sqrt {k^{2} x^{3} - {\left (k^{2} + 1\right )} x^{2} + x} {\left (k^{2} x^{2} - 1\right )} + 4 \, x + 1}{k^{4} x^{4} - 4 \, k^{2} x^{3} + 2 \, {\left (k^{2} + 2\right )} x^{2} - 4 \, x + 1}\right ) + 2 \, \sqrt {k^{2} - 1} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {k^{2} x^{3} - {\left (k^{2} + 1\right )} x^{2} + x} {\left (k^{2} x^{2} - 2 \, k^{2} x + 1\right )} \sqrt {k^{2} - 1}}{2 \, {\left ({\left (k^{4} - k^{2}\right )} x^{3} - {\left (k^{4} - 1\right )} x^{2} + {\left (k^{2} - 1\right )} x\right )}}\right )}{4 \, {\left (k^{4} - k^{2}\right )}}\right ] \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {-x+x^2}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1-2 x+k^2 x^2\right )} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
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Exception generated. \[ \int \frac {-x+x^2}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1-2 x+k^2 x^2\right )} \, dx=\text {Exception raised: ValueError} \]
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\[ \int \frac {-x+x^2}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1-2 x+k^2 x^2\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{2} - x}{{\left (k^{2} x^{2} - 2 \, x + 1\right )} \sqrt {{\left (k^{2} x - 1\right )} {\left (x - 1\right )} x}} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {-x+x^2}{\sqrt {(1-x) x \left (1-k^2 x\right )} \left (1-2 x+k^2 x^2\right )} \, dx=\int -\frac {x-x^2}{\left (k^2\,x^2-2\,x+1\right )\,\sqrt {x\,\left (k^2\,x-1\right )\,\left (x-1\right )}} \,d x \]
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