Integrand size = 39, antiderivative size = 243 \[ \int \frac {b+a x^4}{\left (-b-a x^2+x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=a^{3/4} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}\right )+a^{3/4} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \text {RootSum}\left [2 a^2-b-3 a \text {$\#$1}^4+\text {$\#$1}^8\&,\frac {-a \log (x)-2 a^2 \log (x)+a \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right )+2 a^2 \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right )+\log (x) \text {$\#$1}^4+a \log (x) \text {$\#$1}^4-\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right ) \text {$\#$1}^4-a \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}-x \text {$\#$1}\right ) \text {$\#$1}^4}{3 a \text {$\#$1}-2 \text {$\#$1}^5}\&\right ] \]
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Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(805\) vs. \(2(243)=486\).
Time = 1.47 (sec) , antiderivative size = 805, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.31, number of steps used = 18, number of rules used = 10, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.256, Rules used = {2081, 6847, 6860, 246, 218, 212, 209, 385, 214, 211} \[ \int \frac {b+a x^4}{\left (-b-a x^2+x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\frac {a^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2}}-\frac {\left (a^2-\frac {a^3+2 b a+2 b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-\sqrt {a^2+4 b} a-2 b} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-\sqrt {a^2+4 b} a-2 b} \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2}}-\frac {\left (a^2+\frac {a^3+2 b a+2 b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2+\sqrt {a^2+4 b} a-2 b} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{\left (a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2+\sqrt {a^2+4 b} a-2 b} \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2}}+\frac {a^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2}}-\frac {\left (a^2-\frac {a^3+2 b a+2 b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-\sqrt {a^2+4 b} a-2 b} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-\sqrt {a^2+4 b} a-2 b} \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2}}-\frac {\left (a^2+\frac {a^3+2 b a+2 b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2+\sqrt {a^2+4 b} a-2 b} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{a x^2-b}}\right )}{\left (a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2+\sqrt {a^2+4 b} a-2 b} \sqrt [4]{a x^4-b x^2}} \]
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Rule 209
Rule 211
Rule 212
Rule 214
Rule 218
Rule 246
Rule 385
Rule 2081
Rule 6847
Rule 6860
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \int \frac {b+a x^4}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \left (-b-a x^2+x^4\right )} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {b+a x^8}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4} \left (-b-a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \left (\frac {a}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4}}+\frac {(1+a) b+a^2 x^4}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4} \left (-b-a x^4+x^8\right )}\right ) \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {(1+a) b+a^2 x^4}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4} \left (-b-a x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {\left (2 a \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \left (\frac {a^2+\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}{\left (-a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4}}+\frac {a^2-\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}{\left (-a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4}}\right ) \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {\left (2 a \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-a x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {\left (a \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {a} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {\left (a \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {a} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {\left (2 \left (a^2-\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (-a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {\left (2 \left (a^2+\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (-a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}+2 x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {a^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {a^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {\left (2 \left (a^2-\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}-\left (2 b+a \left (-a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {\left (2 \left (a^2+\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}-\left (2 b+a \left (-a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )\right ) x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {a^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {a^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (\left (a^2-\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}-\sqrt {a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (\left (a^2-\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}+\sqrt {a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (\left (a^2+\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}-\sqrt {a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (\left (a^2+\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}+\sqrt {a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ & = \frac {a^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (a^2-\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (a^2+\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\left (a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}+\frac {a^{3/4} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (a^2-\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}}-\frac {\left (a^2+\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\left (a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \\ \end{align*}
Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(656\) vs. \(2(243)=486\).
Time = 11.20 (sec) , antiderivative size = 656, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.70 \[ \int \frac {b+a x^4}{\left (-b-a x^2+x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2} \left (a^{3/4} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )-\frac {\left (a^2-\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}-\frac {\left (a^3+2 b+2 a b+a^2 \sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b} \left (a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}+a^{3/4} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )-\frac {\left (a^2-\frac {a^3+2 b+2 a b}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b}}\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\left (a-\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b-a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}-\frac {\left (a^3+2 b+2 a b+a^2 \sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}} \sqrt [4]{-b+a x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {a^2+4 b} \left (a+\sqrt {a^2+4 b}\right )^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 b+a \sqrt {a^2+4 b}}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \]
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Time = 0.53 (sec) , antiderivative size = 167, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.69
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(-a^{\frac {3}{4}} \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a^{\frac {1}{4}} x}\right )+\frac {a^{\frac {3}{4}} \ln \left (\frac {-a^{\frac {1}{4}} x -\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{a^{\frac {1}{4}} x -\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{2}+\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{8}-3 a \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+2 a^{2}-b \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (a \,\textit {\_R}^{4}+\textit {\_R}^{4}-2 a^{2}-a \right ) \ln \left (\frac {-\textit {\_R} x +\left (x^{2} \left (a \,x^{2}-b \right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right )}{\textit {\_R} \left (2 \textit {\_R}^{4}-3 a \right )}\right )}{2}\) | \(167\) |
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {b+a x^4}{\left (-b-a x^2+x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
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Not integrable
Time = 6.70 (sec) , antiderivative size = 31, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.13 \[ \int \frac {b+a x^4}{\left (-b-a x^2+x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {a x^{4} + b}{\sqrt [4]{x^{2} \left (a x^{2} - b\right )} \left (- a x^{2} - b + x^{4}\right )}\, dx \]
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Not integrable
Time = 0.22 (sec) , antiderivative size = 39, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.16 \[ \int \frac {b+a x^4}{\left (-b-a x^2+x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {a x^{4} + b}{{\left (a x^{4} - b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{4} - a x^{2} - b\right )}} \,d x } \]
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Not integrable
Time = 23.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 39, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.16 \[ \int \frac {b+a x^4}{\left (-b-a x^2+x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {a x^{4} + b}{{\left (a x^{4} - b x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{4} - a x^{2} - b\right )}} \,d x } \]
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Not integrable
Time = 6.81 (sec) , antiderivative size = 39, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.16 \[ \int \frac {b+a x^4}{\left (-b-a x^2+x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{-b x^2+a x^4}} \, dx=\int -\frac {a\,x^4+b}{{\left (a\,x^4-b\,x^2\right )}^{1/4}\,\left (-x^4+a\,x^2+b\right )} \,d x \]
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