Integrand size = 21, antiderivative size = 25 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \left (-x^2+x^4\right )^{3/4}}{x \left (-1+x^2\right )} \]
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Time = 0.01 (sec) , antiderivative size = 16, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.64, number of steps used = 2, number of rules used = 2, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.095, Rules used = {1160, 270} \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-x^2}} \]
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Rule 270
Rule 1160
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \left (-1+x^2\right )^{5/4}} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}} \\ & = -\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.16 (sec) , antiderivative size = 16, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.64 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [4]{x^2 \left (-1+x^2\right )}} \]
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Time = 0.94 (sec) , antiderivative size = 15, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.60
method | result | size |
gosper | \(-\frac {2 x}{\left (x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\) | \(15\) |
risch | \(-\frac {2 x}{\left (x^{2} \left (x^{2}-1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\) | \(15\) |
pseudoelliptic | \(-\frac {2 x}{\left (x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\) | \(15\) |
trager | \(-\frac {2 \left (x^{4}-x^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}{x \left (x^{2}-1\right )}\) | \(24\) |
meijerg | \(-\frac {2 {\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{2}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x}}{\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (-x^{2}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\) | \(33\) |
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none
Time = 0.23 (sec) , antiderivative size = 22, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.88 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \, {\left (x^{4} - x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{x^{3} - x} \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{x^{2} \left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right )} \left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right )}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (x^{4} - x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{2} - 1\right )}} \,d x } \]
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none
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 11, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.44 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {2}{{\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}} \]
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Time = 5.16 (sec) , antiderivative size = 23, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.92 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{-x^2+x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {2\,{\left (x^4-x^2\right )}^{3/4}}{x\,\left (x^2-1\right )} \]
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