Integrand size = 29, antiderivative size = 30 \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \, dx=-2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}}{-1-x+x^2}\right ) \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 4 vs. order 3 in optimal.
Time = 0.72 (sec) , antiderivative size = 373, normalized size of antiderivative = 12.43, number of steps used = 15, number of rules used = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.276, Rules used = {2081, 6857, 730, 1112, 948, 174, 552, 551} \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-\left (\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x\right )-2} \sqrt {\frac {\left (1+\sqrt {5}\right ) x+2}{\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x+2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{5} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {-\left (\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x\right )-2}}\right ),\frac {1}{10} \left (5-\sqrt {5}\right )\right )}{\sqrt [4]{5} \sqrt {\frac {1}{\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x+2}} \sqrt {x^3-x^2-x}}-\frac {\sqrt {3+\sqrt {5}} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {2 x+\sqrt {5}-1} \sqrt {1-\frac {2 x}{1+\sqrt {5}}} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (-1-\sqrt {5}\right ),\arcsin \left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{1+\sqrt {5}}} \sqrt {x}\right ),\frac {1}{2} \left (-3-\sqrt {5}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {x^3-x^2-x}}-\frac {\sqrt {3+\sqrt {5}} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {2 x+\sqrt {5}-1} \sqrt {1-\frac {2 x}{1+\sqrt {5}}} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right ),\arcsin \left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{1+\sqrt {5}}} \sqrt {x}\right ),\frac {1}{2} \left (-3-\sqrt {5}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {x^3-x^2-x}} \]
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Rule 174
Rule 551
Rule 552
Rule 730
Rule 948
Rule 1112
Rule 2081
Rule 6857
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {1+x^2}{\sqrt {x} \left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}} \, dx}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \\ & = \frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}\right ) \int \left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}}+\frac {2}{\sqrt {x} \left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}}\right ) \, dx}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \\ & = \frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}} \, dx}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}} \, dx}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \\ & = \frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}\right ) \int \left (-\frac {1}{2 (1-x) \sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}}-\frac {1}{2 \sqrt {x} (1+x) \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}}\right ) \, dx}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-1-x^2+x^4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \\ & = \frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-2-\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x} \sqrt {\frac {2+\left (1+\sqrt {5}\right ) x}{2+\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{5} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {-2-\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}}\right ),\frac {1}{10} \left (5-\sqrt {5}\right )\right )}{\sqrt [4]{5} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2+\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}} \sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {1}{(1-x) \sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}} \, dx}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} (1+x) \sqrt {-1-x+x^2}} \, dx}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \\ & = \frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-2-\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x} \sqrt {\frac {2+\left (1+\sqrt {5}\right ) x}{2+\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{5} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {-2-\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}}\right ),\frac {1}{10} \left (5-\sqrt {5}\right )\right )}{\sqrt [4]{5} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2+\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}} \sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-\sqrt {5}+2 x} \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{(1-x) \sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-\sqrt {5}+2 x} \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x}} \, dx}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-\sqrt {5}+2 x} \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} (1+x) \sqrt {-1-\sqrt {5}+2 x} \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x}} \, dx}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \\ & = \frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-2-\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x} \sqrt {\frac {2+\left (1+\sqrt {5}\right ) x}{2+\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{5} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {-2-\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}}\right ),\frac {1}{10} \left (5-\sqrt {5}\right )\right )}{\sqrt [4]{5} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2+\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}} \sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-\sqrt {5}+2 x} \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (-1-x^2\right ) \sqrt {-1-\sqrt {5}+2 x^2} \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x^2}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-\sqrt {5}+2 x} \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-1-\sqrt {5}+2 x^2} \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x^2}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \\ & = \frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-2-\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x} \sqrt {\frac {2+\left (1+\sqrt {5}\right ) x}{2+\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{5} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {-2-\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}}\right ),\frac {1}{10} \left (5-\sqrt {5}\right )\right )}{\sqrt [4]{5} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2+\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}} \sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x} \sqrt {1-\frac {2 x}{1+\sqrt {5}}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (-1-x^2\right ) \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x^2} \sqrt {1+\frac {2 x^2}{-1-\sqrt {5}}}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x} \sqrt {1-\frac {2 x}{1+\sqrt {5}}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x^2} \sqrt {1+\frac {2 x^2}{-1-\sqrt {5}}}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \\ & = \frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-2-\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x} \sqrt {\frac {2+\left (1+\sqrt {5}\right ) x}{2+\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{5} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {-2-\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}}\right ),\frac {1}{10} \left (5-\sqrt {5}\right )\right )}{\sqrt [4]{5} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2+\left (1-\sqrt {5}\right ) x}} \sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}}-\frac {\sqrt {3+\sqrt {5}} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x} \sqrt {1-\frac {2 x}{1+\sqrt {5}}} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (-1-\sqrt {5}\right ),\arcsin \left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{1+\sqrt {5}}} \sqrt {x}\right ),\frac {1}{2} \left (-3-\sqrt {5}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}}-\frac {\sqrt {3+\sqrt {5}} \sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1+\sqrt {5}+2 x} \sqrt {1-\frac {2 x}{1+\sqrt {5}}} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right ),\arcsin \left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{1+\sqrt {5}}} \sqrt {x}\right ),\frac {1}{2} \left (-3-\sqrt {5}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 52, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.73 \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt {-1-x+x^2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {-1-x+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {x \left (-1-x+x^2\right )}} \]
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Time = 2.42 (sec) , antiderivative size = 20, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.67
method | result | size |
default | \(2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {x \left (x^{2}-x -1\right )}}{x}\right )\) | \(20\) |
pseudoelliptic | \(2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {x \left (x^{2}-x -1\right )}}{x}\right )\) | \(20\) |
trager | \(\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) \ln \left (\frac {-\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x^{2}+2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x +2 \sqrt {x^{3}-x^{2}-x}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )}{\left (x -1\right ) \left (1+x \right )}\right )\) | \(63\) |
elliptic | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(853\) |
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Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 25, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.83 \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \, dx=\arctan \left (\frac {x^{2} - 2 \, x - 1}{2 \, \sqrt {x^{3} - x^{2} - x}}\right ) \]
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\[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \, dx=\int \frac {x^{2} + 1}{\sqrt {x \left (x^{2} - x - 1\right )} \left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right )}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{2} + 1}{\sqrt {x^{3} - x^{2} - x} {\left (x^{2} - 1\right )}} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{2} + 1}{\sqrt {x^{3} - x^{2} - x} {\left (x^{2} - 1\right )}} \,d x } \]
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Time = 0.14 (sec) , antiderivative size = 206, normalized size of antiderivative = 6.87 \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-x-x^2+x^3}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {\frac {x}{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+\frac {1}{2}}}\,\sqrt {\frac {x+\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}-\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}-\frac {1}{2}}}\,\left (\sqrt {5}+1\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}-x+\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+\frac {1}{2}}}\,\left (\Pi \left (-\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}-\frac {1}{2};\mathrm {asin}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x}{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+\frac {1}{2}}}\right )\middle |-\frac {\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}-\frac {1}{2}}\right )-\mathrm {F}\left (\mathrm {asin}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x}{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+\frac {1}{2}}}\right )\middle |-\frac {\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}-\frac {1}{2}}\right )+\Pi \left (\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+\frac {1}{2};\mathrm {asin}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x}{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+\frac {1}{2}}}\right )\middle |-\frac {\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}-\frac {1}{2}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {x^3-x^2-\left (\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}-\frac {1}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+\frac {1}{2}\right )\,x}} \]
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