Integrand size = 27, antiderivative size = 32 \[ \int \frac {-1+x^2}{x^2 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {2 \left (1+7 x^2\right ) \left (x^2+x^4\right )^{3/4}}{3 x^3 \left (1+x^2\right )} \]
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Time = 0.10 (sec) , antiderivative size = 35, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.09, number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 3, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.111, Rules used = {2081, 464, 270} \[ \int \frac {-1+x^2}{x^2 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {14 x}{3 \sqrt [4]{x^4+x^2}}+\frac {2}{3 \sqrt [4]{x^4+x^2} x} \]
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Rule 270
Rule 464
Rule 2081
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {-1+x^2}{x^{5/2} \left (1+x^2\right )^{5/4}} \, dx}{\sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}} \\ & = \frac {2}{3 x \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}}+\frac {\left (7 \sqrt {x} \sqrt [4]{1+x^2}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \left (1+x^2\right )^{5/4}} \, dx}{3 \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}} \\ & = \frac {2}{3 x \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}}+\frac {14 x}{3 \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.23 (sec) , antiderivative size = 25, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.78 \[ \int \frac {-1+x^2}{x^2 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {2 \left (1+7 x^2\right )}{3 x \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}} \]
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Time = 0.99 (sec) , antiderivative size = 22, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.69
method | result | size |
gosper | \(\frac {\frac {14 x^{2}}{3}+\frac {2}{3}}{x \left (x^{4}+x^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\) | \(22\) |
risch | \(\frac {\frac {14 x^{2}}{3}+\frac {2}{3}}{x \left (x^{2} \left (x^{2}+1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\) | \(24\) |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {\frac {14 x^{2}}{3}+\frac {2}{3}}{x \left (x^{2} \left (x^{2}+1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\) | \(24\) |
trager | \(\frac {2 \left (7 x^{2}+1\right ) \left (x^{4}+x^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}{3 x^{3} \left (x^{2}+1\right )}\) | \(29\) |
meijerg | \(\frac {\frac {8 x^{2}}{3}+\frac {2}{3}}{x^{\frac {3}{2}} \left (x^{2}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {x}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\) | \(33\) |
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Time = 0.23 (sec) , antiderivative size = 27, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.84 \[ \int \frac {-1+x^2}{x^2 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {2 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (7 \, x^{2} + 1\right )}}{3 \, {\left (x^{5} + x^{3}\right )}} \]
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\[ \int \frac {-1+x^2}{x^2 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {\left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right )}{x^{2} \sqrt [4]{x^{2} \left (x^{2} + 1\right )} \left (x^{2} + 1\right )}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {-1+x^2}{x^2 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{2} - 1}{{\left (x^{4} + x^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (x^{2} + 1\right )} x^{2}} \,d x } \]
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Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 19, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.59 \[ \int \frac {-1+x^2}{x^2 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {2}{3} \, {\left (\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} + \frac {4}{{\left (\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}} \]
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Time = 4.95 (sec) , antiderivative size = 28, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.88 \[ \int \frac {-1+x^2}{x^2 \left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt [4]{x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {2\,{\left (x^4+x^2\right )}^{3/4}\,\left (7\,x^2+1\right )}{3\,x^3\,\left (x^2+1\right )} \]
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