Integrand size = 13, antiderivative size = 35 \[ \int \frac {x^8}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}} \, dx=\frac {1}{6} x^3 \sqrt {-1+x^6}+\frac {1}{6} \log \left (x^3+\sqrt {-1+x^6}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.01 (sec) , antiderivative size = 35, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.308, Rules used = {281, 327, 223, 212} \[ \int \frac {x^8}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}} \, dx=\frac {1}{6} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x^3}{\sqrt {x^6-1}}\right )+\frac {1}{6} \sqrt {x^6-1} x^3 \]
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Rule 212
Rule 223
Rule 281
Rule 327
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{3} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{\sqrt {-1+x^2}} \, dx,x,x^3\right ) \\ & = \frac {1}{6} x^3 \sqrt {-1+x^6}+\frac {1}{6} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-1+x^2}} \, dx,x,x^3\right ) \\ & = \frac {1}{6} x^3 \sqrt {-1+x^6}+\frac {1}{6} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x^3}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}}\right ) \\ & = \frac {1}{6} x^3 \sqrt {-1+x^6}+\frac {1}{6} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x^3}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}}\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.12 (sec) , antiderivative size = 32, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.91 \[ \int \frac {x^8}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}} \, dx=\frac {1}{6} \left (x^3 \sqrt {-1+x^6}+\log \left (x^3+\sqrt {-1+x^6}\right )\right ) \]
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Time = 1.15 (sec) , antiderivative size = 28, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.80
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {x^{3} \sqrt {x^{6}-1}}{6}+\frac {\ln \left (x^{3}+\sqrt {x^{6}-1}\right )}{6}\) | \(28\) |
trager | \(\frac {x^{3} \sqrt {x^{6}-1}}{6}-\frac {\ln \left (x^{3}-\sqrt {x^{6}-1}\right )}{6}\) | \(30\) |
risch | \(\frac {x^{3} \sqrt {x^{6}-1}}{6}+\frac {\sqrt {-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{6}-1\right )}\, \arcsin \left (x^{3}\right )}{6 \sqrt {\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{6}-1\right )}}\) | \(38\) |
meijerg | \(\frac {i \sqrt {-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{6}-1\right )}\, \left (i \sqrt {\pi }\, x^{3} \sqrt {-x^{6}+1}-i \sqrt {\pi }\, \arcsin \left (x^{3}\right )\right )}{6 \sqrt {\pi }\, \sqrt {\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{6}-1\right )}}\) | \(54\) |
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none
Time = 0.25 (sec) , antiderivative size = 29, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.83 \[ \int \frac {x^8}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}} \, dx=\frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {x^{6} - 1} x^{3} - \frac {1}{6} \, \log \left (-x^{3} + \sqrt {x^{6} - 1}\right ) \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.99 (sec) , antiderivative size = 61, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.74 \[ \int \frac {x^8}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}} \, dx=\begin {cases} \frac {x^{3} \sqrt {x^{6} - 1}}{6} + \frac {\operatorname {acosh}{\left (x^{3} \right )}}{6} & \text {for}\: \left |{x^{6}}\right | > 1 \\- \frac {i x^{9}}{6 \sqrt {1 - x^{6}}} + \frac {i x^{3}}{6 \sqrt {1 - x^{6}}} - \frac {i \operatorname {asin}{\left (x^{3} \right )}}{6} & \text {otherwise} \end {cases} \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 58 vs. \(2 (27) = 54\).
Time = 0.19 (sec) , antiderivative size = 58, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.66 \[ \int \frac {x^8}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {x^{6} - 1}}{6 \, x^{3} {\left (\frac {x^{6} - 1}{x^{6}} - 1\right )}} + \frac {1}{12} \, \log \left (\frac {\sqrt {x^{6} - 1}}{x^{3}} + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{12} \, \log \left (\frac {\sqrt {x^{6} - 1}}{x^{3}} - 1\right ) \]
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Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 48, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.37 \[ \int \frac {x^8}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}} \, dx=\frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {x^{6} - 1} x^{3} + \frac {\log \left (\sqrt {-\frac {1}{x^{6}} + 1} + 1\right ) - \log \left (-\sqrt {-\frac {1}{x^{6}} + 1} + 1\right )}{12 \, \mathrm {sgn}\left (x\right )} \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {x^8}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}} \, dx=\int \frac {x^8}{\sqrt {x^6-1}} \,d x \]
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